| 1916-01-03-DE-001
From German Consulate Aleppo (Roessler) to German Embassy Constantinople (Wolff-Metternich) [de en tr]
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Roessler presents reports on the deportations and particularly emphasises Vice-Consul Hoffmann's report. He agrees with the main points in that report.
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| 1916-01-03-DE-002
From German Consulate Aleppo (Roessler) to German Reichskanzler (Bethmann Hollweg) [de en tr]
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Roessler adds to the enclosed reports that Djemal Pasha himself did not want the Armenians to be annihilated and that he had several Kurds hanged who had laid hands on Armenians. His will alone, however, was not able to stop the annihilation. Not only dead Armenians, but also those who were still alive, although totally exhausted, were nibbled at several times by dogs.
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| 1916-01-03-DE-003
From Helene Maria Anna Tschilinguirian-Apell to German Embassy Constantinople [de]
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--- English abstracts are not yet available ---
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| 1916-01-03-DE-011
From German Consulate Aleppo (Roessler) to German Embassy Constantinople [de]
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After the first deportations, 7,000 to 8,000 Armenians still remained in Aintab; of these, 5,000 to 6,000 were now to be deported. Mordtmann notes that Foreign Secretary Halil declared this news item to be incorrect.
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| 1916-01-04-DE-001
From Deutsche Bank Dresden to German Embassy Constantinople [de]
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--- English abstracts are not yet available ---
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| 1916-01-05-DE-002
From German Embassy Constantinople to German Consulate Erzerum [de]
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--- English abstracts are not yet available ---
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| 1916-01-07-DE-001
From German Embassy Constantinople to German Consulate General Constantinople [de]
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--- English abstracts are not yet available ---
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| 1916-01-10-DE-011
From German Consulate Aleppo (Roessler) to German Embassy Constantinople [de]
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Armenians who have been living in Aleppo for several years are to be deported. Deportation also seems to be imminent for the rest of the Armenians in Aleppo.
|
| 1916-01-11-DE-001
From German Reichstag (Liebknecht) [en de]
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During the session of the Reichstag on 11 January 1916, Karl Liebknecht, the social-democratic Member of Parliament, asks whether the Reichskanzler is aware of the fact that hundreds of thousands of Armenians in the allied Turkish Empire were massacred. The Head of the Political Department in the German Foreign Office, von Stumm, replies that the Reichskanzler is aware that the Sublime Porte had been compelled by rebellious machinations of the enemy to evacuate the Armenian population in certain parts and had allocated new residential areas to them. He could not disclose further details. In an additional question, which was not answered, Liebknecht asked whether the Reichskanzler was aware that Lepsius had "virtually spoke[n] of an extermination of the Turkish Armenians".
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| 1916-01-11-DE-002
From German Consulate Aleppo (Roessler) to German Embassy Constantinople [de]
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--- English abstracts are not yet available ---
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| 1916-01-12-DE-001
From "Norddeutsche Allgemeine Zeitung" [de]
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--- English abstracts are not yet available ---
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| 1916-01-12-DE-011
From German Consulate Aleppo (Roessler) to German Embassy Constantinople [de]
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3000 Armenian widows who had been deported from Aleppo to Kilis, where they were in relatively good keeping, are now supposed to be deported to Deir-es-Zor, where they would probably perish.
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| 1916-01-14-DE-001
From German Missionsstation Mamuret-ul-Aziz (Johannes Ehmann) to German Embassy Constantinoplel (Wolff-Metternich) [de]
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--- English abstracts are not yet available ---
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| 1916-01-18-DE-001
From German Foreign Office [en de]
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A passage in a letter was treated with the utmost secrecy, in which the author, Dr. Ritter, had reported that one of the Armenian women found dead along the roadside had nails hammered through her hands and arms.
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| 1916-01-18-DE-002
From German Embassy Constantinople (Wolff-Metternich) to German Foreign Office [de]
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--- English abstracts are not yet available ---
|
| 1916-01-19-DE-001
From Graf Lüttichau to German Embassy Constantinople [de]
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--- English abstracts are not yet available ---
|
| 1916-01-20-DE-001
From German Consulate Adrianople (Nadamlenski) to 'German Embassy Constantinopel [de]
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--- English abstracts are not yet available ---
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| 1916-01-24-DE-001
From German Embassy Constantinople (Wolff-Metternich) to German Reichskanzler (Bethmann Hollweg) [de en tr]
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The German ambassador reports on the attempts made by the authorities to force the Armenians to convert to Islam.
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| 1916-01-24-DE-003
From Branche Constantinople of the Deutsche Orientbank to German Embassy Constantinople [de]
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--- English abstracts are not yet available ---
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| 1916-01-26-DE-001
From German Consulate Aleppo (Roessler) to German Embassy Constantinople (Wolff-Metternich) [de en tr]
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Only those Armenians who can produce a "teskere nufus" (certificate granting the right of abode) will not be expelled from Aleppo. Even those who had moved to Aleppo a long time ago, but still have a certificate granting the right of abode from their previous town must now expect to be deported.
|
| 1916-01-26-DE-004
From German Christian Charity-Organisation for the Orient (Friedrich Schuchardt) to German Foreign Office [en de]
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Accompanying letter to reports by Paula Schaefer and Beatrice Rohner.
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| 1916-01-27-DE-001
From German Embassy Constantinople (Wolff-Metternich) to German Reichskanzler [en de]
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Wolff-Metternich considers a church collection as suggested by Father Straubinger, who works in Constantinople, to be pointless, because the Turks would prevent assistance to the Armenians.
|
| 1916-01-28-DE-001
From German Embassy Constantinople (Wolff-Metternich) to German Reichskanzler (Bethmann Hollweg) [de]
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The ambassador gives further examples for forced conversions to Islam.
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| 1916-01-28-DE-002
From German Consulate Aleppo (Roessler) to German Embassy Constantinople [de]
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--- English abstracts are not yet available ---
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| 1916-01-28-DE-003
From German Embassy Constantinople (Wolff-Metternich) to German Reichskanzler (Bethmann Hollweg) [de]
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--- English abstracts are not yet available ---
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| 1916-01-31-DE-001
From German Consulate Aleppo (Roessler) to German Reichskanzler (Bethmann Hollweg) [de en tr]
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Roessler sends a letter from Kuenzler and reports on forced conversions to Islam and the flight of Armenian Protestant clergymen to the south, arranged by Kress von Kressenstein und Djemal Pasha.
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| 1916-01-31-DE-003
From German Embassy Constantinople (Wolff-Metternich) to German Reichskanzler (Bethmann Hollweg) [en de]
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Wolff-Metternich evaluates the possibilities of the reimbursement of German creditors who have suffered damages because of the deportations of the Armenians. In his factual and legal assessment he comes to the conclusion that claims should not be based on the deportation of the Armenians itself, but rather on the illegal infringements and excesses of Turkish authorities in order to make the Turkish government liable for damages. In his factual examination he establishes the involvement of the different Turkish authorities in these actions.
|
| 1916-02-02-DE-001
From Asenijeff, Elsa to German Reichskanzler (Bethmann Hollweg) [de]
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--- English abstracts are not yet available ---
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| 1916-02-07-DE-001
From Deutsch-Rumänischen Petroleum-Gesellschaft to German Embassy Constantinople [de]
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--- English abstracts are not yet available ---
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| 1916-02-08-DE-001
From Willy Seeger to German Embassy Constantinople (Schmidt) [de]
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--- English abstracts are not yet available ---
|
| 1916-02-09-DE-001
From German Consulate Aleppo (Roessler) to German Reichskanzler (Bethmann Hollweg) [de en tr]
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There is a detailed report on the fate of the deported Armenians on the road between Aleppo and Der-el-Zor. Although Djemal succeeded in receiving permission in Constantinople for the Armenians between Akhterin and Bab to stay, this order was changed again. The deportees were still being sent to Deir-es-Zor, with catastrophic results.
|
| 1916-02-09-DE-002
From Company Kuhn & Adler to German Embassy Constantinople [de]
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--- English abstracts are not yet available ---
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| 1916-02-10-DE-001
From German Embassy Constantinople (Wolff-Metternich) to German Reichskanzler (Bethmann Hollweg) [de]
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The enclosure and other reports were presented to Erzberger, a member of the Reichstag.
|
| 1916-02-10-DE-002
From American Bible House in Constantinople (William W. Peet) to German Embassy Constantinople (Mordtmann) [en de]
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Accompanying letter in which M. Peet informs that he will send Sister Rohner and Schaefer 500 Turkish Lira every month.
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| 1916-02-11-DE-001
From German Embassy Constantinople (Wolff-Metternich) to German Reichskanzler (Bethmann Hollweg) [de]
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Ambassador Wolff-Metternich writes that similar promises were made to both him and Erzberger. He doubts whether Erzberger will have more success.
|
| 1916-02-14-DE-001
From German Embassy Constantinople (Wolff-Metternich) to German Reichskanzler (Bethmann Hollweg) [de]
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The difficulties between the Syrian Christians and the Turkish authorities have been rectified. In part, the influence von der Goltz exerted at a military level played a role here.
|
| 1916-02-14-DE-002
From German Christian Charity-Organisation for the Orient (Friedrich Schuchardt) to German Foreign Office [en de]
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Accompanying letter
|
| 1916-02-15-DE-001
From German Legation Bern (Romberg) to German Reichskanzler (Bethmann Hollweg) [de]
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The German minister passes on a request from the Swiss Relief Organisation for Armenia and asks for an accommodating answer.
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| 1916-02-17-DE-001
From German Embassy Constantinople (Wolff-Metternich) to German Reichskanzler (Bethmann Hollweg) [de]
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Wolff-Metternich places aid at Roessler's disposal to ease the Armenians' misery with an express request that the origin of this financial assistance not be emphasised, but not withheld, either. This would also counteract the accusations that the consulate in Aleppo was aiding the persecution of the Armenians.
|
| 1916-02-19-DE-001
From H. Andréassian to German Embassy Constantinople [de]
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|
--- English abstracts are not yet available ---
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| 1916-02-21-DE-001
From German Embassy Constantinople (Weber) to General Back (General Staff of the Great Turkish Headquarter) [de]
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--- English abstracts are not yet available ---
|
| 1916-02-22-DE-001
From German Embassy Washington (Bernstorff) to German Foreign Office [en de]
|
|
Bernstorff refers to a note from the American Secretary of State.
|
| 1916-02-22-DE-002
From German Consulate Aleppo (Roessler) to German Foreign Office [de]
|
|
--- English abstracts are not yet available ---
|
| 1916-02-23-DE-001
From German Consulate Aleppo (Roessler) to German Embassy Constantinople [de]
|
|
The Armenian orphans in the care of the Germans were allegedly to be sent to Constantinople, in truth, however, probably to Sivas. According to the German consul, "This would be child murder."
|
| 1916-02-23-DE-002
From German Foreign Office (Zimmermann) to German Embassy Constantinople (Wolff-Metternich) [de]
|
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The United States of America are preparing to establish diplomatic representation in Constantinople. Zimmermann, the Undersecretary of State at the German Foreign Office, requests that the Turkish government be advised to give an accommodating answer.
|
| 1916-02-23-DE-004
From German Ambassadorial Preacher in Constantinople (Luettichau) to German Embassy Constantinople [de]
|
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--- English abstracts are not yet available ---
|
| 1916-02-23-DE-005
From Deutsche Orientbank (Branche Constantinople) (Lerecht) to German Embassy Constantinople (Neurath) [de]
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--- English abstracts are not yet available ---
|
| 1916-02-24-DE-001
From The constantinople Branch of Deutsche Bank to German Embassy Constantinople (Mordtmann) [de]
|
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--- English abstracts are not yet available ---
|
| 1916-02-25-DE-001
From German Reichstag (Matthias Erzberger) to German Foreign Office (Rosenberg) [de]
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--- English abstracts are not yet available ---
|
| 1916-02-25-DE-002
From German Consulate Erzerum (Schulenburg) to German Embassy Constantinople [de]
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--- English abstracts are not yet available ---
|
| 1916-02-26-DE-001
From German Foreign Office (Zimmermann) to German Legation Bern (Romberg) [de]
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Zimmerman offers the Reich's support to the "Swiss Relief Organisation of 1915 for Armenia" and requests exact instructions on how actually to implement this. The Undersecretary of State advises the Swiss representatives not to travel to Turkey, but offers that the German diplomats will name persons who are already on the spot and in a position to take over these duties.
|
| 1916-02-27-DE-001
From German Embassy Constantinople (Wolff-Metternich) to German Reichskanzler (Bethmann Hollweg) [de]
|
|
Talaat and Halil agreed to give the Americans an accommodating answer.
|
| 1916-02-28-DE-001
From German Embassy Constantinople (Reichskanzler) to Bethmann Hollweg [de]
|
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--- English abstracts are not yet available ---
|
| 1916-02-28-DE-002
From German Embassy Constantinople German Consul Schulenburg) [de]
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--- English abstracts are not yet available ---
|
| 1916-02-29-DE-001
From German Consulate Aleppo (Roessler) to German Embassy Constantinople [de]
|
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--- English abstracts are not yet available ---
|
| 1916-02-29-DE-002
From German Consulate Erzerum (Schulenburg) to German Embassy Constantinople [de]
|
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--- English abstracts are not yet available ---
|
| 1916-03-02-DE-001
From German Embassy Constantinople (Wolff-Metternich) to German Reichskanzler (Bethmann Hollweg) [de]
|
|
Wolff-Metternich send a pamphlet put out by the Ottoman government on the Armenian revolutionary movement and the government's measures against this.
|
| 1916-03-03-DE-001
From German Reichstag (Matthias Erzberger) to German Foreign Office (Rosenberg) [de en tr]
|
|
Erzberger gives the Legation Councillor in the German Foreign Office, Rosenberg, his memorandum on the situation, mainly in connection with the Catholic Armenians.
|
| 1916-03-03-DE-002
From Austrian-Hungarian Embassy Constantinople to German Embassy Constantinople [de]
|
|
--- English abstracts are not yet available ---
|
| 1916-03-04-DE-001
From Deutsch-Levantinische Baumwoll-Gesellschaft Adana to German embassy Constantinople [de]
|
|
--- English abstracts are not yet available ---
|
| 1916-03-07-DE-001
From German Embassy Constantinople (Wolff-Metternich) to German Foreign Office [de]
|
|
Bitlis was captured by the Russians; "Armenian gangs" had caused a bloodbath among the civil population with 2,000 to 3,000 dead.
|
| 1916-03-07-DE-002
From German Reichstag (Matthias Erzberger) to German Foreign Office (Rosenberg) [de]
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--- English abstracts are not yet available ---
|
| 1916-03-07-DE-003
From German Consulate Adrianopel to German Embasssy Constantinople [de]
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--- English abstracts are not yet available ---
|
| 1916-03-08-DE-001
From German Legation Bern (Romberg) to German Reichskanzler (Bethmann Hollweg) [de]
|
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The German minister in Bern passes on two letters from the Swiss Relief Organisation of 1915 for Armenia to the Imperial government.
|
| 1916-03-10-DE-001
From German Embassy Constantinople (Wolff-Metternich) to German Foreign Office [de]
|
|
The consulate in Aleppo reports that the children's departure has been postponed for the present.
|
| 1916-03-10-DE-002
From German Mission for the Orient to German Reichskanzler (Bethmann Hollweg) [de]
|
|
The committee of the German Mission for the Orient requests support for relief actions it has planned in aid of deported Armenians.
|
| 1916-03-10-DK-001
From Legation Constantinople (Carl Ellis Wandel) to Foreign Ministry Copenhagen (Erik Scavenius) [da de en]
|
|
European travelers have informed Wandel of an upsurge of the persecutions of the Armenians in Mesopotamia (Iraq) and Syria. Wandel doubts that these persecutions, as opposed to the persecutions of 1915, are initiated by the state. But he contends that the result remains the same, i.e. the extermination of the Ottoman Armenians, and that the deaths of the Armenians, be it from assaults or starvation, is the foreseeable and, seen from the Young Turk point of view, desirable outcome of the deportations. Wandel moves on to describe how Armenians in and around Constantinople (Istanbul) are now not being persecuted wholesale, but more selectively, and he finishes the report by stating that the reason for the extermination of Armenians and other non-Turkish Ottoman groups is that in the eyes of the Young Turks, such groups potentially constitute an unacceptable economic and political threat to the Turks.
|
| 1916-03-11-DE-002
From German consulate Adana (Buege) to German embassy Constantinople [de]
|
|
--- English abstracts are not yet available ---
|
| 1916-03-11-DE-003
From Branch Adrianople of Deutsche Orientbank to German Embassy Constantinople (Mordtmann) [de]
|
|
--- English abstracts are not yet available ---
|
| 1916-03-13-DE-001
From Deutsche Orientbank to German Embassy Constantinople [de]
|
|
--- English abstracts are not yet available ---
|
| 1916-03-13-DE-002
From German Consulate Alexandretta (Hoffmann) to German Embassy Constantinople [de]
|
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--- English abstracts are not yet available ---
|
| 1916-03-13-DE-003
From German Consulate Aleppo (Roesler) to German Embassy Constantinople [de]
|
|
--- English abstracts are not yet available ---
|
| 1916-03-14-DE-001
From German Foreign Office (Zimmermann) to German Embassy Constantinople (Wolff-Metternich) [de]
|
|
The Undersecretary of State in the German Foreign Office gives the Embassy in Constantinople the notes of the Americans for its information and complains that the German ambassador in the USA passed on to the State Department the information given to him in confidence.
|
| 1916-03-14-DE-002
From Straubinger to German Embassy Constantinople (Wolff-Metternich) [de]
|
|
--- English abstracts are not yet available ---
|
| 1916-03-14-DE-004
From P. Richard M. Liebl to German Embassy Constantinople (Wolff-Metternich) [de]
|
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--- English abstracts are not yet available ---
|
| 1916-03-14-DE-005
From Deutsche Orientbank branche Constantinople to German Embassy Constntinople [de]
|
|
--- English abstracts are not yet available ---
|
| 1916-03-14-DK-001
From Legation Constantinople (Carl Ellis Wandel) to Foreign Ministry Copenhagen (Erik Scavenius) [da de en]
|
|
Wandel reports that the Armenian deportations have taken place all over Asia Minor, excluding Smyrna (Izmir), but are now also including the vilayet Castamun (Kastamonu), where the moderate Vali, Resit Pasha, has been replaced by the more radical Vali of Angora (Ankara), Atif Bey. Enclosed is a public announcement printed in the French-language newspaper ”Lloyd Ottoman,” informing that four Armenians have been hanged in Constantinople for alleged revolutionary actions, etc.
|
| 1916-03-14-DK-002
From Legation Constantinople (Carl Ellis Wandel) to Foreign Ministry Copenhagen (Scavenius) [da de en]
|
|
Wandel reports on the persecutions of the Greeks in Vurla (Vourla), on the strained relationship between Ahmed Riza Bey and the CUP, and on the equally strained relationship between the German diplomatic corps and the German officers stationed in the Empire.
|
| 1916-03-15-DE-001
From German Foreign Office (Zimmermann) to Governeur of Lorraine (Oven) [de]
|
|
--- English abstracts are not yet available ---
|
| 1916-03-16-DE-001
From "Kölnische Zeitung" [de]
|
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--- English abstracts are not yet available ---
|
| 1916-03-17-DE-001
From Walther Berghaus to German Embassy Constantinople (Mordtmann ) [de]
|
|
--- English abstracts are not yet available ---
|
| 1916-03-18-DE-001
From Constantinople Branch of Deutsche Orientbank to German Embassy Constantinople [de]
|
|
--- English abstracts are not yet available ---
|
| 1916-03-18-DE-002
From German Mission Mamuret-ul-Aziz (Ehmann) to German Embassy Constantinople [de]
|
|
--- English abstracts are not yet available ---
|
| 1916-03-20-DE-001
From Reichskanzler (Bethmann Hollweg) to German Embassy Constantinople [de]
|
|
--- English abstracts are not yet available ---
|
| 1916-03-21-DE-001
From German Embassy Constantinople (Wolff-Metternich) to German Reichskanzler (Bethmann Hollweg) [de]
|
|
The German ambassador reports that, due to petitions from ecclesiastical circles, he presented himself once again at the Turkish government to prevent further deportations. Halil and Talaat stated that on the basis of reports from local Turkish authorities they had ordered that "some restless elements" be removed, but that the local authorities had "misinterpreted the order because of their exaggerated keenness" and deported "larger departments of Armenians". This had now been stopped for those towns listed.
|
| 1916-03-22-DE-001
From H. Antreassian to German Embassy Constantinople [de]
|
|
--- English abstracts are not yet available ---
|
| 1916-03-23-DE-001
From German Consulate Aleppo (Roessler) to German Embassy Constantinople [de]
|
|
--- English abstracts are not yet available ---
|
| 1916-03-23-DE-002
From German Consulate Aleppo (Roessler) to German Embassy Constantinople [de]
|
|
--- English abstracts are not yet available ---
|
| 1916-03-23-DE-011
From German Consulate Aleppo (Roessler) to German Embassy Constantinople [de]
|
|
Roessler reports on further changes of faith by the Armenians.
|
| 1916-03-24-DE-001
From German Foreign Office [de]
|
|
--- English abstracts are not yet available ---
|
| 1916-03-24-DK-001
From Legation Constantinople (Carl Ellis Wandel) to Foreign Ministry Copenhagen (Erik Scavenius) [da de en]
|
|
Wandel reports on the shortage of food and other basic necessities in the Empire and on the continued persecution of Armenians as well as Greeks. According to a Danish source interviewed by Wandel, Armenians on death marches have passed through the town of Daridje (Derindje, Derince) where said source works as a workshop engineer, and Greeks of the area are being subjected to what can be described as forced starvation.
|
| 1916-03-25-DE-001
From German Embassy Constantinople to Johannes Ehmann [de]
|
|
--- English abstracts are not yet available ---
|
| 1916-03-27-DE-001
From German Embassy Constantinople (Wolff-Metternich) to German Reichskanzler (Bethmann Hollweg) [de en tr]
|
|
Despite all assurances to the contrary, the Porte seems to have set about "also decimating the remainder of the deported" and, "if possible, exterminating those who have escaped" before a peace treaty is made. Many Armenians in Aleppo and Adrianople had converted to Islam in order to avoid deportation. Furthermore, Roessler welcomes the suggestion made by Vischer, the Swiss doctor, to travel to Turkey and recommends that he give Baghdad as his point of destination, enabling him to visit Deir-es-Zor without arousing suspicion, where most of the surviving Armenians have settled.
|
| 1916-03-27-DE-002
From German Finance Ministry (Helfferich) to German Foreign Office (Jagow) [de]
|
|
--- English abstracts are not yet available ---
|
| 1916-03-27-DE-003
From Adolf Hoffmann to German Embassy Constantinople [de]
|
|
--- English abstracts are not yet available ---
|
| 1916-03-28-DE-001
From Herbert Schwörbel to Johann Mordtmann [de]
|
|
--- English abstracts are not yet available ---
|
| 1916-03-29-DE-002
From German Embassy Constantinople (Wolff-Metternich) to German Reichskanzler (Bethmann Hollweg) [de en tr]
|
|
The German consul reported from Damascus that Djemal told him in confidence that he personally wished to ease the fate of the Armenians as far as possible, but that he had strict orders from Constantinople to refuse German and American involvement in relief operations.
|
| 1916-03-29-DE-003
From German Embassy Constantinople to German Consulate Aleppo (Roessler) [de]
|
|
--- English abstracts are not yet available ---
|
| 1916-03-29-DE-004
From Kuhn & Adler to German Embassy Constantinople [de]
|
|
--- English abstracts are not yet available ---
|
| 1916-03-30-DE-001
From German Consulate Trebizond (in Savas) (Bergfeld) to German embassy Constantinople [de]
|
|
--- English abstracts are not yet available ---
|
| 1916-03-31-DE-001
From Deutsch-Levantinische Baumwoll-Gesellschaft to German Foreign Office (Goeppert) [de]
|
|
--- English abstracts are not yet available ---
|
| 1916-04-01-DE-001
From Home for the Blind in Malatya (Christoffel) to German Embassy Constantinople (Mordtmann) [en de]
|
|
Christoffel describes what he has seen and heard of the remains of the Armenians on a journey. Even Armenian road workers who had converted to Islam were in danger of being killed at a later stage.
|
| 1916-04-02-DE-001
From German Embassy Constantinople (Wolff-Metternich) to German Reichskanzler (Bethmann Hollweg) [de]
|
|
--- English abstracts are not yet available ---
|
| 1916-04-02-DE-003
From German Embassy Constantinople (Wolff-Metternich) to German Reichskanzler (Bethmann Hollweg) [de]
|
|
--- English abstracts are not yet available ---
|
| 1916-04-03-DE-002
From German Embassy Constantinople (Wolff-Metternich) to German Reichskanzler (Bethmann Hollweg) [en de]
|
|
According to Metternich, the Turkish government supports the view "The Turkish government supports the view that relocation measures were not only justified in the eastern provinces, as we have acknowledged, but also in the entire country for military reasons.". Metternich lists the damages suffered by German firms and discusses possible claims for compensation.
|
| 1916-04-04-DE-001
From Agop Herlakian to German Embassy Constantinople [de]
|
|
--- English abstracts are not yet available ---
|
| 1916-04-04-DE-002
From Botschaft Konstantinopel (Mordtmann) [de]
|
|
--- English abstracts are not yet available ---
|
| 1916-04-04-DK-001
From Legation Constantinople (Carl Ellis Wandel) to Foreign Ministry Copenhagen (Erik Scavenius) [da de en]
|
|
Wandel reports to the Danish foreign ministry that an official Young Turk, French-language brochure which he has sent to the ministry the month before, a brochure denying as well as rationalizing the extermination of the Ottoman Armenians, had failed to make an impact in the West. But he still believes that the allegations made in the brochure need to be balanced with what he considers to be more trustworthy information, obtained mainly from Ottoman Armenian sources. Thus, the report is in fact a short history of the Armenians in the Ottoman Empire, seen largely, but not exclusively, from an Armenian point of view. It covers the traditional subservient status of Armenians in Turkey, the Abdul Hamid II massacres of the 1890s, the 1908 Young Turk revolution, the Adana massacres in 1909, the evolving chauvinism of the Young Turks, the disappointment but loyalty of the Ottoman Armenians, the outbreak of World War I and the declaration of Jihad, culminating in what is described as the politically and economically motivated destruction of the Armenians.
|
| 1916-04-05-DE-001
From German Embassy Constantinople (Neurath) [de]
|
|
--- English abstracts are not yet available ---
|
| 1916-04-06-DE-001
From German Oriental Bank (Erich Alexander) to German Foreign Office (Rosenberg) [en de]
|
|
The Director of the Orient Bank states that he researched the "Protestant propaganda" from his branch in Constantinople, which the German Foreign Office reprimanded, and determined that this referred to the 'Protestant Weekly Letters', which were unsolicited and until now had been passed on. The branch had now stopped passing them on.
|
| 1916-04-06-DE-002
From German Consulate Aleppo (Roessler) to German Embassy Constantinople [de]
|
|
--- English abstracts are not yet available ---
|
| 1916-04-06-DE-003
From Friedrich Schuchardt to German Embassy Constantinople [de]
|
|
--- English abstracts are not yet available ---
|
| 1916-04-06-DE-011
From German Consulate Aleppo (Roessler) to German Embassy Constantinople [de en tr]
|
|
Most of the 14000 Armenian deportees in Ras-ul-Ain were killed by Circassians "and other similar people".
|
| 1916-04-07-DE-001
From German Foreign Office (Zimmermann) to German Embassy Constantinople (Wolff-Metternich) [de]
|
|
--- English abstracts are not yet available ---
|
| 1916-04-07-DE-003
From German Consulate Aleppo (Roessler) to German Embassy Constantinople [en de]
|
|
In several telegrams, Roessler points out the contradictions between the orders supposedly given by the Minister of the Interior to the local authorities and maintained to the Embassy, and the true circumstances on the spot. According to statements made to the Embassy, those Armenians residing in Aleppo as well as the Catholic Armenians were to be exempted from deportation; in truth, they are being deported, as well as the 9000 Armenians of Marash. The Embassy then sends an aide mémoire to the Sublime Porte.
|
| 1916-04-08-DE-001
From German Consulate Aleppo (Roessler) to German Embassy Constantinople [de]
|
|
--- English abstracts are not yet available ---
|
| 1916-04-08-DE-002
From German Consuate erzerum (Ersindjan) (Schulenburg) to German Embassy Constantinople (Neurath) [de]
|
|
--- English abstracts are not yet available ---
|
| 1916-04-10-DE-001
From German Embassy Constantinople (Wolff-Metternich) to German Reichskanzler (Bethmann Hollweg) [de]
|
|
--- English abstracts are not yet available ---
|
| 1916-04-11-DE-001
From Constantinople Branche of Deutsche Bank to German Embassy Constantinople (Mordtmann) [de]
|
|
--- English abstracts are not yet available ---
|
| 1916-04-14-DE-001
From German Consulate Aleppo (Roessler) to German Embassy Constantinople [de]
|
|
--- English abstracts are not yet available ---
|
| 1916-04-14-DE-002
From Anatolischen Industrie- und Handels-Gesellschaft (Seegers) to German Embassy Constantinople [de]
|
|
--- English abstracts are not yet available ---
|
| 1916-04-15-DE-001
From German Embassy Constantinople (Theodor Weber) [en de]
|
|
Straubinger learned from a reliable source that the Armenian population in Aleppo as well as that in Angora were once again threatened with deportation, even though the Porte had given placating reassurances to the Embassy only a few weeks earlier. Neurath notes that he had just discussed this problem on 15 April with Talaat, who wanted to give new instructions.
|
| 1916-04-16-DE-001
From German Consulate Erzurum (Schulenburg) to German Embassy Constantinople (Neurath) [en de]
|
|
Schulenburg asks Neurath to assist Anna Chilingirian, an Armenian, in travelling to Germany, according to her wish. In addition, he goes into his present task of forming a liaison with the Caucasians, describes Enver Pasha as a Minister of War who is disliked by the army. Schulenburg claims that the Armenian massacres in the previous year were to 99 per cent lies that arose from the "tremendous cowardice of these people and the Orientals' incredible tendency to exaggerate".
|
| 1916-04-17-DE-001
From Johannes Lepsius to German Foreign Office [de]
|
|
According to Swiss reports, the intellectual Armenian leaders who were abducted to the interior are to be brought to Constantinople where judgement will be passed on them and they will then be hanged. The execution of the intellectual elite would have far-reaching consequences.
|
| 1916-04-17-DE-002
From German Consulate Trebizond (Bergfeld) to German Embassy Constantinople [de]
|
|
--- English abstracts are not yet available ---
|
| 1916-04-17-DE-011
From German Embassy Constantinople (Mordtmann) [de]
|
|
The consul general said that he presented the requests of German institutions to the Turkish Foreign Office that Armenian women and children in Turkey receive humanitarian aid.
|
| 1916-04-18-DE-001
From German Consulate Aleppo (Roessler) to German Embassy Constantinople [de]
|
|
--- English abstracts are not yet available ---
|
| 1916-04-19-DE-001
From German Oriental Bank (Erich Alexander) to German Foreign Office (Rosenberg) [de]
|
|
--- English abstracts are not yet available ---
|
| 1916-04-19-DE-002
From German Vice-Consulate Alexandretta (Hoffmann-Fölkersamb) to German Embassy Constantinople [de]
|
|
--- English abstracts are not yet available ---
|
| 1916-04-20-DE-002
From American Bible-House (Peet) to German Embassy Constantinople (Mordtmann) [de]
|
|
--- English abstracts are not yet available ---
|
| 1916-04-20-DE-003
From German Embassy Constantinople (Schmidt) [de]
|
|
--- English abstracts are not yet available ---
|
| 1916-04-21-DE-001
From German Foreign Office to German Embassy Constantinople [de]
|
|
--- English abstracts are not yet available ---
|
| 1916-04-22-DE-001
From German Foreign Office (Zimmermann) to Johannes Lepsius [de]
|
|
--- English abstracts are not yet available ---
|
| 1916-04-25-DE-001
From German Embassy Constantinople (Mordtmann) [de]
|
|
--- English abstracts are not yet available ---
|
| 1916-04-25-DE-002
From Red Cross Frankfurt/M to German Embassy Constantinople [de]
|
|
--- English abstracts are not yet available ---
|
| 1916-04-27-DE-001
From German Consulate Aleppo (Roessler) to German Reichskanzler (Bethmann Hollweg) [de en tr]
|
|
The deportations and, thus, the deaths of Armenians were still continuing and the details to be reported made it clear "that it is intended to bring about their annihilation". Entire camps on the river Euphrates were annihilated; this included the largest part of a concentration camp consisting of 14000 deportees. According to regulations, the percentage of deported Armenians in Deir-es-Zor compared with the residential population was not to surpass ten per cent, which meant that 13000 Armenians of the 15000 deportees sent there had to be sent on elsewhere. Now the Armenian refugees in Aleppo were not only being "severly hunted down", but they had also begun to deport those residing there.
|
| 1916-04-27-DE-002
From German Consulate Aleppo (Roessler) to German Embassy Constantinople [de]
|
|
--- English abstracts are not yet available ---
|
| 1916-04-27-DK-001
From Legation Constantinople (Carl Ellis Wandel) to Foreign Ministry Copenhagen (Erik Scavenius) [da de en]
|
|
Moved by information from a German Catholic priest about the persecutions of the Armenian Catholics in the region of Angora (Ankara), the Papal delegate in Constantinople, Angelo Maria Dolci, meets the Spanish Ambassador, Julian del Arroyo, in order to persuade the Spanish government to protest in favor of the Catholic Armenians. The reason why Dolci chooses to meet with the minister from a neutral Catholic nation is that Germany and Austria-Hungary, nations with a large number of Catholics, and with the greatest influence on the Young Turk government due to the military alliance, choose not to try to intervene in any significant way on behalf of the Armenians. Wandel is of the opinion that even if such forceful intervention was to be tried by the allies of the Ottoman Empire, as it had been tried by the American embassy, this would probably not succeed due to the resolve of the Young Turk government.
|
| 1916-04-28-DE-001
From German Embassy Constantinople (Wolff-Metternich) to German Reichskanzler (Bethmann Hollweg) [de]
|
|
As a reason for refusing to allow German relief actions, the Turkish government stated that Armenian hopes for assistance from abroad would be reinforced by this. Ambassador Metternich recommends continuing to carry out relief actions secretly with the help of confidantes.
|
| 1916-04-28-DE-002
From German Embassy Constantinople (Wolff-Metternich) to German Reichskanzler (Bethmann Hollweg) [de]
|
|
He passed on the answers from Adana and Aleppo to the questions from the Swiss Relief Organisation of 1915 for Armenia. He enclosed the answers from Adana and Aleppo to the questions from the Swiss Relief Organisation of 1915 for Armenia.
|
| 1916-04-28-DE-003
From German Consulate Alexandretta (Hoffmann-Fölkersamb) to German Embassy Constantinople [de]
|
|
--- English abstracts are not yet available ---
|
| 1916-04-28-DE-004
From German Mission Mamouret ul Aziz (Ehmann) to German Embassy Constantinople (Wolff-Metternich) [de]
|
|
--- English abstracts are not yet available ---
|
| 1916-04-28-DE-005
From German Embassy Constantinople [de]
|
|
--- English abstracts are not yet available ---
|
| 1916-04-29-DE-001
From German Consulate Aleppo (Roessler) to German Embassy Constantinople [de]
|
|
--- English abstracts are not yet available ---
|
| 1916-05-03-DE-001
From German Embassy Constantinople (Wolff-Metternich) to German Foreign Office [de]
|
|
Accompanying letter to the answer from the consulate in Damascus to the questions from the Swiss Relief Organisation of 1915 for Armenia.
|
| 1916-05-03-DE-002
From German Consulate Aleppo (Roessler) to German consulate Aleppo [de]
|
|
--- English abstracts are not yet available ---
|
| 1916-05-03-DE-003
From German Consulate Aleppo (Roessle) to German Embassy Constantinople [de]
|
|
--- English abstracts are not yet available ---
|
| 1916-05-04-DK-001
From Legation Constantinople (Carl Ellis Wandel) to Foreign Ministry Copenhagen (Erik Scavenius) [da de en]
|
|
Report on how the CUP and the Ottoman government completely control the legislative branches. These powers are used to, among other things, silence the few voices of opposition to policies like
the wholesale expropriation of Armenian property and the subsequent legal 'cover up' through temporary laws (see also 1916-03-10-DK-001). Also, the report discusses expropriation of Entente property, the bribing of Arab tribal leaders, etc.
|
| 1916-05-06-DK-001
From Legation Constantinople (Carl Ellis Wandel) to Foreign Ministry Copenhagen (Erik Scavenius) [da de en]
|
|
Telegram relating news of what appears to be an emerging political crisis as well as of a struggle between those in the Ottoman establishment who seek to use the war as an opportunity to implement immediate and far-reaching political, economic, and religious reforms, and those who seek more gradual changes.
|
| 1916-05-08-DE-001
From German Foreign Office (Zimmermann) to German-Armenian Society (Johannes Lepsius) [de]
|
|
--- English abstracts are not yet available ---
|
| 1916-05-10-DE-002
From German Christian Charity-Organisation for the Orient (Friedrich Schuchardt) to German Foreign Office [en de]
|
|
Accompanying letter.
|
| 1916-05-10-DE-003
From German Consulate Aleppo (Roessler) to German Embassy Constantinople [de]
|
|
--- English abstracts are not yet available ---
|
| 1916-05-10-DE-004
From German priest David to German Embassy Constantinople [de]
|
|
--- English abstracts are not yet available ---
|
| 1916-05-11-DE-001
From German Embassy Constantinople (Wolff-Metternich) to German Reichskanzler (Bethmann Hollweg) [de]
|
|
According to the German ambassador, despite assurances that Armenians of Roman-Catholic and Protestant faith would be exempted from the deportations, Armenians from this group were also deported. Halil and Talaat had made assurances once again that any actions "against the Christian elements in the Armenian population" were far from their minds. Metternich stated that after he protested, Talaat gave the strictest orders to the provincial authorities "to refrain from all attempts to convert the Christian Armenian population to Islam".
|
| 1916-05-11-DE-002
From Apostolic Delegation Constantinople to German Embassy Constantinople [de]
|
|
--- English abstracts are not yet available ---
|
| 1916-05-12-DE-001
From Armenian Patriachate in Constantinople (Zaven) to German Embassy Constantinople [en de]
|
|
Appeal to the German government to avert further deportations.
|
| 1916-05-12-DE-011
From German Consulate Aleppo (Roessler) to German Embassy Constantinople [de]
|
|
The Mutessarrif from Marash told a German nun that in the area surrounding Marash, Armenians with British weapons in their possession were apprehended. Interrogation resulted in the information that they had a weapons depot in a house in Aleppo. Djemal then ordered that all of Marash was to be evacuated and all Armenians who did not reside in Aleppo were to be deported. 100 or at least 50 orphans are to be left with Sister Rohner and she is to resettle in Konia with them.
|
| 1916-05-13-DE-001
From Press Department of the German Central Office of Information for Foreign Countries (Paul Rohrbach) to German Foreign Office (Jagow) [de]
|
|
Rohrbach conveyed the contents of a speech by the Russian politician, Pawel N. Milyukov, which had been published by the Ryetsch newspaper, to the Secretary of State. In this, the cadet leader spoke of the settlement of Turkish Armenia by Cossacks, and that the Kurds were to be accepted for military service by Russia. He declared that the property left behind by the Armenians was to become the property of the Russian state.
|
| 1916-05-13-DE-002
From German Consulate Samsun (Bergfeld) to German Embassy Constantinople [de]
|
|
--- English abstracts are not yet available ---
|
| 1916-05-13-DE-003
From German Consulate Aleppo (Roessler) to German Embassy Constantinople [de]
|
|
--- English abstracts are not yet available ---
|
| 1916-05-13-DE-004
From Consulate Aleppo (Roessler) [de]
|
|
--- English abstracts are not yet available ---
|
| 1916-05-14-DE-001
From German Consulate Aleppo (Roessler) to German Embassy Constantinople [de]
|
|
--- English abstracts are not yet available ---
|
| 1916-05-15-DE-006
From German Consulate Aleppo (Roessler) to German Embassy Constantinople [de]
|
|
--- English abstracts are not yet available ---
|
| 1916-05-16-DE-002
From Herlakian (Agop) to Herlakian (Hosep) [de]
|
|
--- English abstracts are not yet available ---
|
| 1916-05-18-DE-004
From Strube to German Embassy Constantinople [de]
|
|
--- English abstracts are not yet available ---
|
| 1916-05-20-DE-001
From Deutsche Orientbank Branche Constantinople (Lebrecht) to German Embassy Constantinople (Neurath) [de]
|
|
--- English abstracts are not yet available ---
|
| 1916-05-20-DK-001
From Legation Constantinople (Carl Ellis Wandel) to Foreign Ministry Copenhagen (Erik Scavenius) [da de en]
|
|
A detailed report on the persecution and execution of Ottoman Arabs accused of disloyalty and on the background to these developments and policies, policies which Wandel compare to the initial stages of
the destruction of the Armenians. The report also deals with the general state of affairs in Syria and Arabia under the rule of Djemal Pasha.
|
| 1916-05-24-DE-001
From German Foreign Office (Jagow) to German Embassy Constantinople [de]
|
|
--- English abstracts are not yet available ---
|
| 1916-05-27-DE-001
From German Reichstag (Matthias Erzberger ) to German Reichskanzler (Bethmann Hollweg) [de]
|
|
Erzberger, the member of the Centre Party, passes on news from Angora, according to which any type of ecclesiastical assistance to Catholic Armenians is forbidden. Numerous Catholics were deported from Aleppo and Syria. Erzberger requests intervention.
|
| 1916-05-27-DE-002
From German Consulate Aleppo (Roessler) to German Embassy Constantinople [de]
|
|
--- English abstracts are not yet available ---
|
| 1916-05-30-DE-001
From German Consulate Damascus (Loytved Hardegg) to German Embassy Constantinople [de en tr]
|
|
The German consul in Damascus reports on a discussion with the relief organisation set up by Djemal to assist deported Armenians. Its chairman, Hussein Kasim Bey, was an honourable man, but he was having the greatest difficulty in carrying out his duties, because the authorities were working against him. Loytved Hardegg recommends that funds from the Swiss Relief Organisation be passed through him to the Armenians.
|
| 1916-05-30-DE-002
From German Embassy Constantinople [de]
|
|
--- English abstracts are not yet available ---
|
| 1916-06-05-DE-001
From German Embassy Constantinople (Wolff-Metternich) to German Reichskanzler (Bethmann Hollweg) [de]
|
|
The German ambassador stated that, based on Erzberger's letter, he had already undertaken forceful steps against Halil Bey some time ago. A counter-order was then issued immediately and remedial action carried out. Djemal's action was, for the most part, based on political reasons and not directed against the Christians.
|
| 1916-06-05-DE-011
From German Consulate Aleppo (Roessler) to German Embassy Constantinople [de]
|
|
Armenians with special residence permits were now also being deported from Aleppo. The embassy in Constantinople requests that its consul in Damascus influence Djemal appropriately.
|
| 1916-06-06-DE-001
From German-Armenian Society (Johannes Lepsius) to German Foreign Office (Zimmermann) [de]
|
|
--- English abstracts are not yet available ---
|
| 1916-06-07-DE-001
From German Foreign Office (Jagow) to German Embassy Constantinople [de]
|
|
--- English abstracts are not yet available ---
|
| 1916-06-08-DE-001
From Deutsche Orientbank to German Embassy Constantinople [de]
|
|
--- English abstracts are not yet available ---
|
| 1916-06-11-DE-011
From German Consulate Damascus (Loytved Hardegg) to German Embassy Constantinople [de]
|
|
Djemal explained to the German consul in Damascus that only those Armenians in Aleppo who had been issued a residence permit from him would be allowed to remain in the town; the others would be deported, because they had set up a secret action committee in Aleppo against the government.
|
| 1916-06-13-DE-002
From German Consulate Aleppo (Roessler) to German Embassy Constantinople [de]
|
|
--- English abstracts are not yet available ---
|
| 1916-06-14-DE-001
From "Berliner Neueste Nachrichten" [de]
|
|
--- English abstracts are not yet available ---
|
| 1916-06-14-DE-002
From German Embassy Constantinople (Goeppert) [de]
|
|
--- English abstracts are not yet available ---
|
| 1916-06-17-DE-001
From German Consulate Aleppo (Roessler) to German Reichskanzler (Bethmann Hollweg) [de]
|
|
According to the German consul, the deportation of the remaining 9000 Armenians in Marash was in full swing, the concentration camp in Ras ul Ain had been evacuated, the fate of the Armenians in Aleppo remained undecided. Details were to be found in Beatrice Rohner's report.
|
| 1916-06-17-DE-002
From Edib Kiamil (German Embassy Constantinople) to Schmidt [de]
|
|
--- English abstracts are not yet available ---
|
| 1916-06-17-DE-011
From German Consulate Aleppo (Roessler) to German Embassy Constantinople [de]
|
|
Until now, no further Armenians had been deported. The German consul assumes that Djemal obviously did not want to make any exceptions and preferred to postpone the deportations until he could deport everyone.
|
| 1916-06-18-DE-001
From German Embassy Constantinople [en de]
|
|
The memorandum states the Armenian question from the Turkish point of view.
|
| 1916-06-19-DE-001
From German Embassy Constantinople (Wolff-Metternich) to German Reichskanzler (Bethmann Hollweg) [de]
|
|
Halil had assured that no further deportations of Armenians were planned.
|
| 1916-06-19-DE-003
From Anatolian Railway Company (Grages) to Deutsche Bank (Arthur von Gwinner) [de]
|
|
Due to the deportations and, as a consequence, the lack of trained workers in Amanus, the Anatolian Railway Company was no longer in a position to complete construction work on schedule. The police even refused entry to the tunnel in which safety work was necessary in order to prevent any cave-ins.
|
| 1916-06-19-DE-004
From Apostolic Delegate in Constantinople (Ange Marie Dolci) to German Embassy Constantinople (Wolff-Metternich) [de]
|
|
--- English abstracts are not yet available ---
|
| 1916-06-19-DE-011
From German Embassy Constantinople to Ottoman Sublime Porte [de]
|
|
In a memo, the embassy supports the exception of the Catholic and Protestant Armenians from deportation.
|
| 1916-06-20-DE-001
From Willy Seeger to German Embassy Constantinople [de]
|
|
--- English abstracts are not yet available ---
|
| 1916-06-21-DE-001
From German Embassy Constantinople (Wolff-Metternich) to German Foreign Office [de]
|
|
The Minister of War gave orders to return the deported Armenians who worked for the Baghdad Railway Company to their place of work.
|
| 1916-06-21-DE-002
From German Embassy Constantinople (Mordtmann) to German Consulate Aleppo (Roessler) [de]
|
|
--- English abstracts are not yet available ---
|
| 1916-06-22-DE-001
From German Embassy Constantinople (Neurath) to German Foreign Office [de]
|
|
The Anatolian Railway Company reports to the Deutsche Bank that the Vali received no orders to return the deported Armenians, but only to lower the number to be deported.
|
| 1916-06-22-DE-002
From German Embassy Constantinople (Wolff-Metternich) to German Consualte Aleppo (Roessler) [de]
|
|
--- English abstracts are not yet available ---
|
| 1916-06-23-DE-001
From German Embassy Constantinople (Neurath) to German Foreign Office [de]
|
|
Accompanying letter for the answers from the consulate in Mossul to the Swiss Relief Organisation of 1915 for Armenia.
|
| 1916-06-24-DK-001
From Legation Constantinople (Carl Ellis Wandel) to Foreign Ministry Copenhagen (Erik Scavenius) [da de en]
|
|
The arrests, deportations, and executions of Arab and Maronite notables in Syria and Mount Lebanon which Wandel has reported on earlier are now taking on greater proportions. The Vatican envoy (Apostolic Delegate) at Constantinople, Monseigneur Angelo Maria Dolci, protests against these persecutions of Christians to the Ottoman Foreign Minister, Halil Bey. The minister at first denies that such events are taking place, but promises to take up the matter with his colleagues. Wandel does not believe that the Ottoman government will actually change its policies.
|
| 1916-06-26-DE-001
From German Consulate General Jerusalem (Brode) to German Embassy Constantinople [de]
|
|
The administrator of the German general consulate in Jerusalem reported after a discussion with the Armenian Patriarch that the Armenians settled in eastern Jordan were being converted by force to Islam. He stated that 15,000 Armenians had been resettled in Hauran and 3,000 to 4,000 in Iraq.
|
| 1916-06-26-DE-002
From American Embassy in Berlin to German Foreign Office [en de]
|
|
The American embassy transmits a letter from an American-Armenian charity organisation.
|
| 1916-06-27-DE-002
From Red Cross to German Embassy Constantinople [de]
|
|
--- English abstracts are not yet available ---
|
| 1916-06-27-DE-011
From German Consulate Aleppo (Roessler) to German Embassy Constantinople [de]
|
|
Using sanitary measures as an excuse, deportations had now begun again, the German consul reports.
|
| 1916-06-28-DE-001
From German Consulate Aleppo (Roessler) [de]
|
|
--- English abstracts are not yet available ---
|
| 1916-06-28-DE-011
From German Consulate Sivas (Werth) to German Embassy Constantinople [de]
|
|
The secretary of the German consulate in Sivas reports that after a Greek-Armenian Committee had been discovered, all of the remaining Armenians and Greeks had been locked up in a church. Only those Armenians who converted to Islam were freed after a bastinado; the others were being threatened with deportation.
|
| 1916-06-29-DE-001
From German Consulate Aleppo (Roessler) to German Reichskanzler (Bethmann Hollweg) [en de]
|
|
An intermediary agent visited the Euphrates area and confirmed that "the slow and agonizing process of extermination is still being carried on". Deportation had also begun again in Aleppo.
|
| 1916-06-29-DE-002
From Eisengiesserei & Schlossfabrik AG to German Embassy Constantinople [de]
|
|
--- English abstracts are not yet available ---
|
| 1916-06-30-DE-001
From German Foreign Offfice to German Embassy Constantinople [de]
|
|
--- English abstracts are not yet available ---
|
| 1916-06-30-DE-011
From German Consulate Damascus (Loytved Hardegg) to German Embassy Constantinople [de en tr]
|
|
The German consul reports from his sphere of operations that all Armenians were more or less being forced to convert to Islam.
|
| 1916-07-01-DE-001
From German Embassy Constantinople (Wolff-Metternich) to German Foreign Office [de]
|
|
The deportations of Armenians, which began once again were put down to resolutions passed by the Committee.
|
| 1916-07-04-DE-001
From German Consulate Sivas (Werth) to German Embassy Constantinople [de]
|
|
--- English abstracts are not yet available ---
|
| 1916-07-04-DE-002
From German Foreign Office to German Embassy Contantinople (Wolff-Metternich) [de]
|
|
--- English abstracts are not yet available ---
|
| 1916-07-04-DE-003
From Consulate Aleppo (Roessler) to German Embassy Constantinople [de]
|
|
--- English abstracts are not yet available ---
|
| 1916-07-06-DE-001
From German Consulate Aleppo (Roessler) to German Embassy Constantinople [de]
|
|
--- English abstracts are not yet available ---
|
| 1916-07-07-DE-001
From German-Armenian Society (Johannes Lepsius, Paul Rohrbach) to German Foreign Office (Jagow) [de]
|
|
--- English abstracts are not yet available ---
|
| 1916-07-07-DE-002
From German Mission for the Orient (Johannes Lepsius) to German Foreign Office (Jagow) [de]
|
|
--- English abstracts are not yet available ---
|
| 1916-07-08-DE-001
From Martin Niepage and Eduard Graeter to German Reichskanzler (Bethmann Hollweg) [de]
|
|
--- English abstracts are not yet available ---
|
| 1916-07-08-DE-002
From German Embassy Constantinople (Neurath) to German Reichskanzler (Bethmann Hollweg) [de]
|
|
--- English abstracts are not yet available ---
|
| 1916-07-08-DE-011
From German Embassy Constantinople (Wolff-Metternich) to German Consulate Damascus (Loytved Hardegg) [de]
|
|
According to the German ambassador, the conversion to Islam of the Armenians was also being carried out in other towns despite official denials and counter-orders. Although he agreed with Loytved's diplomatic protest, he requested that "further pursuit of the matter and, in particular, written demands be refrained from", because "our counter-suggestions are of no use".
|
| 1916-07-10-DE-001
From German Embassy Constantinople (Wolff-Metternich) to German Reichskanzler (Bethmann Hollweg) [de en tr]
|
|
The persecution of the Armenians has entered its final stage. The Turkish government is not prepared to be sidetracked in the implementation of its programme, "settling the Armenian question by destroying the Armenian race". As Father Christoffel expressed it, the Armenians all over the country were "either being deported or converted or killed". As lamentable as it was that Germany had not been able to "bring the Armenian policy of the Porte onto a reasonable course", no one could derive the right from this to make accusations against Germany. Not we, as is so often claimed, "but our enemies have shown the Turks the ways of rendering suspicious elements of the population harmless without any respect for human rights". Note by Wilhelm II. below this document: ”correct!”
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| 1916-07-10-DE-002
From German Consulate Aleppo (Roessler) to German Embassy Constantinople (Wolff-Metternich) [en de]
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Accompanying letter by Roessler, in which he refers to the down-to-earth description by the author of the enclosure. The latter is one of those who worked for the Baghdad railway and were deported.
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| 1916-07-10-DE-003
From Deutsche Orientbank to German Embassy Constantinople [de]
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--- English abstracts are not yet available ---
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| 1916-07-11-DE-001
From Apostolic Delegate in Constantinople (Ange Marie Dolci) to German Embassy Constantinople (Wolff-Metternich) [de]
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--- English abstracts are not yet available ---
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| 1916-07-12-DE-002
From German Consulate General Geneva (Geissler) to German Reichskanzler (Bethmann Hollweg) [de]
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The Swiss Relief Organisation of 1915 for Armenia would like to give further financial aid to the deported Armenians and requests a meeting with the responsible authorities in Berlin.
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| 1916-07-15-DE-001
From German Embassy Constantinople (Neurath) to German Reichskanzler (Bethmann Hollweg) [de]
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--- English abstracts are not yet available ---
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| 1916-07-19-DE-001
From German Embassy Constantinople (Wolff-Metternich) to German Reichskanzler (Bethmann Hollweg) [de]
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--- English abstracts are not yet available ---
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| 1916-07-19-DE-002
From German Consulate Aleppo (Roessler) to German Embassy Constantinople (Wolff-Metternich) [de]
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--- English abstracts are not yet available ---
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| 1916-07-21-DE-001
From German Christian Charity-Organisation for the Orient (Friedrich Schuchardt) to German Foreign Office [de]
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--- English abstracts are not yet available ---
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| 1916-07-21-DE-002
From German Consulate Aleppo (Roessler) to German Embassy Constantinople [de]
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--- English abstracts are not yet available ---
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| 1916-07-22-DE-001
From German Consulate Sivas (Werth) to German Embassy Constantinople [de]
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--- English abstracts are not yet available ---
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| 1916-07-22-DE-002
From German Embassy Constantinople (Wolff-Metternich) to German Reichskanzler (Bethmann Hollweg) [en de]
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The Chargé d'Affaires passes on a report from Beatrice Rohner.
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| 1916-07-23-DE-001
From German Consulate Sivas (Werth) to German Embassy Constantinople (Wolff-Metternich) [de]
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According to the consulate secretary, Werth, all of the Armenian doctors were forced to convert to Islam.
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| 1916-07-25-DE-001
From German Foreign Office to German-Armenian Society [de]
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--- English abstracts are not yet available ---
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| 1916-07-25-DE-002
From Dr. David to German Embassy Constantinople [de]
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--- English abstracts are not yet available ---
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| 1916-07-27-DE-002
From German Foreign Office (Rosenberg) to German Embassy Constantinople (Neurath) [de]
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--- English abstracts are not yet available ---
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| 1916-07-29-DE-001
From German Consulate Aleppo (Roessler) to German Reichskanzler (Bethmann Hollweg) [de en tr]
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According to the German consul in Aleppo, witnesses are reporting from several towns along the river Euphrates on new deportations and mass murders of the Armenians. 55000 Armenians are allegedly buried in Meskené alone. In the area surrounding Urfa, trains full of deported women who had previously hidden themselves or been taken in by Muslim families are once again being reported. The deportations ceased in Aleppo on 12 July because of a conflict on whether rich Armenians had bought themselves the right to return. The Vali then gave orders to the surrounding villages that no Armenian was to be allowed to return to Aleppo as this would amount to a declaration that the Armenians were outlaws.
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| 1916-07-29-DE-002
From Johannes Lepsius to German Foreign Office [de]
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--- English abstracts are not yet available ---
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| 1916-07-31-DE-001
From German Central Office of Information for Foreign Countries (Jäckh) to German Foreign Office (Zimmermann) [de]
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--- English abstracts are not yet available ---
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| 1916-08-01-DE-001
From German Consulate Aleppo (Roessler) to German Embasy Constantinople [de]
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--- English abstracts are not yet available ---
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| 1916-08-02-DE-001
From German Foreign Office to German-Armenian Society (Johannes Lepsius) [de]
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--- English abstracts are not yet available ---
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| 1916-08-02-DE-002
From German Social-Democratic Party (Scheidemann) to German Reichskanzler (Bethmann Hollweg) [en de]
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Scheidemann requests information on what the governments allied with Turkey plan to do to "influence the Turkish government to end the slaughtering". In his answer, according to Bethmann Hollweg, the government was informed in detail of the developments in Turkey and would bring its influence to bear on the Turkish government at every opportunity.
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| 1916-08-02-DE-003
From Radio Station Lyon to German Foreign Office [de]
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--- English abstracts are not yet available ---
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| 1916-08-05-DE-001
From Radio Station Lyon to German Foreign Office [de]
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--- English abstracts are not yet available ---
|
| 1916-08-07-DE-011
From German Consulate Aleppo (Roessler) to German Embassy Constantinople [de]
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The deportation of all non-local Armenians in Aleppo was about to begin.
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| 1916-08-08-DE-011
From German Consulate Aleppo (Roessler) to German Embassy Constantinople [de]
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He estimated the number of Armenians in Aleppo threatened with deportation to be 8,000; the American consul estimated 15,000. Roessler requests that the contents of the telegram from the American embassy be made known to enable intervention, and Mordtmann carried this out.
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| 1916-08-09-DE-001
From German Embassy Constantinople (Wolff-Metternich) to German Foreign Office [en de]
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Metternich assures that he is not one of the two high-ranking diplomats who made scornful remarks on the loss of the Armenian territories, about which Enver had complained to General von Lossow.
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| 1916-08-11-DE-001
From German Embassy Constantinople (Wolff-Metternich) to German Reichskanzler (Bethmann Hollweg) [de]
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--- English abstracts are not yet available ---
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| 1916-08-12-DE-001
From Radio Station Eiffeltower [de]
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According to the radio station, Turkey denied the request made by the United States to permit a neutral committee to carry out relief action in Syria.
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| 1916-08-13-DE-011
From German Consulate Aleppo (Roessler) to German Embassy Constantinople [de]
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The German consul reports that the first 200 Armenians were deported on 12 August and requests that the American embassy be informed.
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| 1916-08-15-DE-001
From German Legation Stockholm (Lucius von Stoedten) to German Reichskanzler (Bethmann Hollweg) [de]
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--- English abstracts are not yet available ---
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| 1916-08-17-DE-001
From German Embassy Constantinople (Wolff-Metternich) to German Reichskanzler (Bethmann Hollweg) [de]
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Archbishop Stepan is to be resettled in Jerusalem.
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| 1916-08-18-DE-001
From German Consulate Aleppo (Roessler) [de]
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--- English abstracts are not yet available ---
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| 1916-08-21-DE-001
From "Arew" [de]
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--- English abstracts are not yet available ---
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| 1916-08-22-DE-001
From German Embassy Constantinople (Wolff-Metternich) to German Reichskanzler (Bethmann Hollweg) [de]
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--- English abstracts are not yet available ---
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| 1916-08-22-DE-002
From German Embassy Constantinople (Wolff-Metternich) to German Reichskanzler (Bethmann Hollweg) [de]
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--- English abstracts are not yet available ---
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| 1916-08-23-DE-001
From German Embassy Constantinople (Wolff-Metternich) to German Reichskanzler (Bethmann Hollweg) [de]
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By an act of law, the Turkish government dissolved the bond between the Armenian Patriarch in Constantinople and the Catholicos in Echmiadzin and abolished the Armenian Peoples' Supreme Council. According to the German ambassador, the constitution of this council "corresponded with the ultra-democratic spirit which has always ruled among the Gregorian Armenians" and which the Gregorian Armenians had also attempted to spread among the Protestant and Catholic Armenians. The future Catholicos Patriarch was now only the chairman of a cultural community, comparable with the lower status of the Protestant Armenians and the Karaite Jews, while the Greeks and the Jews continued to build a millet. The new ecclesiastical leader of the Armenians had been stripped of all of his political authority and limited to the administration of community matters. Thus, after the mass deportations, the massacring of the men, the forced conversion to Islam of those remaining and the confiscation of property, the political Armenian community was now also destroyed. According to a new law, both of the catholicates of Sis and Aghtamar were now joined to the two patriarchates of Jerusalem and Constantinople. Under the title of "Catholicos-Patriarch", the new patriarch became the ecclesiastical leader of the Ottoman Armenians, with his seat in the monastery of Mar Jacob near Jerusalem. The Patriarch was now no longer subordinate to the Catholicos of Echmiadzin. At the same time, the Turks had abolished the Armenian Peoples' Council.
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| 1916-08-24-DE-001
From Johannes Lepsius to German Foreign Office [de]
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--- English abstracts are not yet available ---
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| 1916-08-24-DE-002
From German-Turkish Society (Ernst Jäckh) to German Foreign Office (Rosenberg) [de]
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--- English abstracts are not yet available ---
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| 1916-08-26-DE-001
From Ottoman Foreign Office (Hali) to German Embassy Constantinople (Wolff-Metternich) [de]
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--- English abstracts are not yet available ---
|
| 1916-08-28-DE-001
From German Foreign Office (Zimmermann) to German Embassy Constantinople (Wolff-Metternich) [de]
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--- English abstracts are not yet available ---
|
| 1916-08-29-DE-001
From German Consulate Aleppo (Hoffmann) to German Foreign Office [de en tr]
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Vice-Consul Hoffmann reports on the systematic annihilation of the Armenians in the confluence of the Euphrates and the Chabur, the deportation of the Armenians from Allepin and the dissolution of the orphanages. Boys over 13 were deported, girls over 13 were put in Turkish harems, the younger children "were led towards Islam, insofar as they survive the administration of Turkish orphanages". The forced conversions to Islam continued in the south of Syria.
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| 1916-09-02-DE-001
From German Information Service for the Orient to German Foreign Office (Wesendonk) [de]
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--- English abstracts are not yet available ---
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| 1916-09-05-DE-001
From German Consulate Aleppo (Hoffmann) to German Foreign Office [de en tr]
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Hoffmann, the Vice-Consul and Roessler's representative, writes that the statements in the report from 29 August had been confirmed by other trustworthy sources. Sekki Bey in particular, the Mutessarrif in Der-es-Zor and a Circassian, took especially brutal action against the Armenians. Of the 19000 Armenians on their way from Der-es-Zor to Mossul, only 2500 arrived. The orphans in German institutions are to be deported to a large orphanage in Konia.
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| 1916-09-05-DE-002
From German Embassy Constantinople (Wolff-Metternich) to German Foreign Office [de]
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--- English abstracts are not yet available ---
|
| 1916-09-06-DE-001
From German Foreign Office (Rosenberg) [de]
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--- English abstracts are not yet available ---
|
| 1916-09-07-DE-001
From "Wolffs Telegraphic Agency" [de]
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--- English abstracts are not yet available ---
|
| 1916-09-08-DE-001
From German Information Service for the Orient (Oppenheim) to German Foreign Office (Stumm) [de]
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--- English abstracts are not yet available ---
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| 1916-09-08-DE-002
From German Embassy Constantinople (Wolff-Metternich) to German Reichskanzler (Bethmann Hollweg) [de]
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--- English abstracts are not yet available ---
|
| 1916-09-08-DE-003
From "Berliner Morgenpost" [de]
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--- English abstracts are not yet available ---
|
| 1916-09-08-DE-005
From G.Elfasian to German Embassy Constantinople (Wolff-Metternich) [de]
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--- English abstracts are not yet available ---
|
| 1916-09-09-DE-001
From Turkish Embassy Berlin (Ibrahim Hakki) to German Foreign Office (Jagow) [de]
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--- English abstracts are not yet available ---
|
| 1916-09-09-DE-002
From "Norddeutsche Allgemeine Zeitung" [de]
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--- English abstracts are not yet available ---
|
| 1916-09-09-DE-003
From German Red CrossConsulate Aleppo to German Embassy Constantinople [de]
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--- English abstracts are not yet available ---
|
| 1916-09-10-DE-001
From Secret Civil Cabinet of the Emperor (Valentini) to German Reichskanzler (Bethmann Hollweg) [en de]
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Accompanying letter
|
| 1916-09-11-DE-001
From German Embassy Constantinople to German Reichskanzler (Bethmann Hollweg) [de]
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--- English abstracts are not yet available ---
|
| 1916-09-11-DE-002
From German Consulate Aleppo (Roessler) to German Embassy Constantinople [de]
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--- English abstracts are not yet available ---
|
| 1916-09-12-DE-001
From German Foreign Office (Treutler) to German Legation The Hague [de]
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--- English abstracts are not yet available ---
|
| 1916-09-15-DE-004
From Johannes Lepsius to German Foreign Office [de]
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--- English abstracts are not yet available ---
|
| 1916-09-15-DE-004
From German Consulate Sivas (Werth) to German Embassy Constantinople [de]
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--- English abstracts are not yet available ---
|
| 1916-09-16-DE-001
From German Legation The Hague (Kuehlmann) to German Foreign Office [de]
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|
| 1916-09-16-DE-002
From Bédros Dadicozian to German Embassy Constantinople [de]
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--- English abstracts are not yet available ---
|
| 1916-09-18-DE-001
From German Embassy Constantinople (Wolff-Metternich) to German Reichskanzler (Bethmann Hollweg) [de]
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--- English abstracts are not yet available ---
|
| 1916-09-20-DE-001
From German Consulate Aleppo (Roessler) to German Reichskanzler (Bethmann Hollweg) [en de]
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Roessler reports that the authorities became aware of the secret distribution of American financial aid through intermediaries of Sister Beatrice Rohner and, thus, this had become impossible for the future, and explained the steps taken to enable A. Bernau, an employee of the Vacuum Oil Company, to take over the distribution in future.
|
| 1916-09-20-DE-002
From German Company Eisengießerei & Schlossfabrik to German Embassy Constantinople [de]
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--- English abstracts are not yet available ---
|
| 1916-09-22-DE-001
From German Embassy Constantinople [de]
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--- English abstracts are not yet available ---
|
| 1916-09-23-DE-001
From Ottoman Gouvernment to German Embassy Constantinople [de]
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--- English abstracts are not yet available ---
|
| 1916-09-25-DE-001
From German Foreign Office (Zimmermann) [de en tr]
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|
The Undersecretary of State in the German Foreign Office stated that he pointed out to the Turkish Ambassador, Halil Bey, that in the light of the military situation, earlier deportations "could still barely be defended as being justified", but that the measures against "the last few pathetic Armenians consisting of women and children" could no longer be justified in any way.
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| 1916-09-25-DE-002
From German Legation Kristiania (Oslo) (Spies) to German War Ministry [de]
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--- English abstracts are not yet available ---
|
| 1916-09-25-DE-003
From German Consulate Aleppo (Roessler) to German Embassy Constantinople [de]
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--- English abstracts are not yet available ---
|
| 1916-09-26-DE-001
From German Foreign Office (Rosenberg) [en de]
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The German friends of the Armenians had agreed to stop their propaganda if the opposite side also stopped their anti-Armenian agitation. Rosenberg suggests that the press be advised in confidence to leave the Armenian question alone.
|
| 1916-09-27-DE-001
From German Foreign Office (Rosenberg) [de]
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--- English abstracts are not yet available ---
|
| 1916-09-27-DE-002
From German Mission S.T.A. (Bridde) to German Embassy Constantinople (Mordtmann) [de]
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--- English abstracts are not yet available ---
|
| 1916-09-29-DE-001
From German Central Office of Information for Foreign Countries (Jäckh) to German Foreign Office (Rosenberg) [de]
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--- English abstracts are not yet available ---
|
| 1916-09-29-DE-002
From German Embassy Constantinople (Wolff-Metternich) to German Reichskanzler (Bethmann Hollweg) [en de]
|
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The embassy has excerpts of passages from articles published in the Armenian newspaper Arev translated and encloses these.
|
| 1916-10-02-DE-001
From German Legation The Hague (Stumm) to German Foreign Office [de]
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--- English abstracts are not yet available ---
|
| 1916-10-02-DE-002
From German Consulate Aleppo (Roessler) to German Embassy Constantinople [de]
|
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On Talaat's orders, deportations began again in Marash, where only 4000 out of 25000 Armenians remained.
|
| 1916-10-02-DE-003
From German Foreign Office (Zimmermann) to German Embassy Constantinople [en de]
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|
According to Zimmermann, the reports from Aleppo should give cause to point out to Halil Bey "that, while the former deportations of the Armenians could still be defended in the interest of national safety and appear to be legal, considering the military situation at that time, the measures now planned against the sad remains of the Armenians, consisting of women and children, could in no way be justified or excused".
|
| 1916-10-04-DE-002
From German Embassy Constantinople (Radowitz) to German Reichskanzler (Bethmann Hollweg) [de en tr]
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|
According to the Chargé d'Affaires of the German Embassy in Constantinople, a projection of Sister Beatrice Rohner's statistics led to a figure of over 1.5 million dead and about 425000 survivors. Thus, the previous estimations of 800000 to 1 million Armenians killed proves to be unexaggerated. Furthermore, the number of mothers who met with a violent death was alarming.
|
| 1916-10-08-DE-001
From German Foreign Office (Zimmermann) to German Legation Bern (Romberg) [en de]
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Zimmermann instructed Romberg to reply to Dr. Vischer, one of the signatories of the petition, that the desired assistance for the Armenians was only possible through inofficial channels via suitable representatives of the German government in Turkey.
|
| 1916-10-09-DE-001
From German Embassy Constantinople (Radowitz) to German Reichskanzler (Bethmann Hollweg) [de en tr]
|
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The enclosed article "most likely gives a true impression of the convictions of the ultra-national circles". The author was also demanding the deportation of the Armenians in Smyrna and Constantinople.
|
| 1916-10-10-DE-001
From German Foreign Office (Schmidt-Dargitz) to General Staff of the German Army [de]
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--- English abstracts are not yet available ---
|
| 1916-10-13-DE-002
From German War Ministry to German Foreign Office (Jagow) [de]
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--- English abstracts are not yet available ---
|
| 1916-10-20-DE-001
From German Embassy Constantinople (Goeppert) to German Reichskanzler (Bethmann Hollweg) [de]
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|
According to a law published in the Reich Gazette, Armenians are to be given places to live and estates financed by funds from the vacated Evkat and Miri estates. This law, so the Legation Councillor in Constantinople, Goeppert, was in particular contradiction to the reports, especially those from Aleppo, on the Armenians deported to Mesopotamia.
|
| 1916-10-24-DE-001
From German Legation Bern (Romberg) to German Reichskanzler (Bethmann Hollweg) [de]
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--- English abstracts are not yet available ---
|
| 1916-10-25-DE-001
From German Admiral's Staff of the Navy (Holtzendorff) to German Reichskanzler (Bethmann Hollweg) [en de]
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Holtzendorff sends a report "from a reliable source" on Lepsius' political activity in Holland. Jagow replies that Lepsius is also continuously causing the government "great inconvenience" with his Armenian propaganda; his agitation was most strongly disapproved of.
|
| 1916-10-31-DK-001
From Legation Constantinople (Carl Ellis Wandel) to Foreign Ministry Copenhagen (Erik Scavenius) [da de en]
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|
Recently returned from Vienna, Austria, Wandel reports on issues of infrastructure, economy, diplomatic incidents, disease, Ottoman-German and Swedish-German negotiations and relations, as well as on the expected fate of the Ottoman Greeks should Greece join the war on the Entente side. According to Austrian ambassador Pallavicini warning or threatening Greek ambassador Panas, the Ottoman Greeks would in that case meet a fate even worse than the fate the Ottoman Armenians had already met.
|
| 1916-11-01-DE-001
From German Foreign Office (Zimmermann) [de]
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--- English abstracts are not yet available ---
|
| 1916-11-01-DE-002
From German Embassy Constantinople (Hoesch) [de]
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--- English abstracts are not yet available ---
|
| 1916-11-01-DE-003
From German Foreign Office (Rosenberg) [de]
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--- English abstracts are not yet available ---
|
| 1916-11-04-DE-001
From American Embassy in Berlin (Joseph Clark Grew) to German Foreign Office (Jagow) [en de]
|
|
The American Embassy turns to Jagow to request his support in assisting the Armenians.
|
| 1916-11-05-DE-001
From German Consulate Aleppo (Roessler) to German Reichskanzler (Bethmann Hollweg) [en de]
|
|
Roessler draws attention to the eye-witness reports of three Armenians who escaped and calculates the number of Armenians he assumes are still left in Turkey. He also reports on individual occurrences in which the Armenians made their situation worse by fighting among themselves.
|
| 1916-11-09-DE-001
From German Foreign Office (Jagow) to German Legation The Hague (Stumm) [en de]
|
|
Lepsius supposedly claimed that his anti-Turkish propaganda was approved and supported by the Reichskanzler and the German Foreign Office; furthermore, he supposedly claimed that he established contacts with British politicians by order. The Minister was to question Lepsius and determine whether he had really made these remarks "that are contrary to the facts". Lepsius continuously caused the government grave inconvenience and was openly opposed to the government. The Minister was to attempt to move the Dutch government to "indirectly" deport Lepsius to Germany.
|
| 1916-11-10-DE-001
From German Consulate Smyrna (Spee) to German Embassy Constantinople [en de]
|
|
Due to bombs being found in the Catholic cemetery, the head of police, who was given free reign by the Vali, had the Armenians deported. The community had not complied with the Vali's demand to name those involved or suspects.
|
| 1916-11-10-DE-002
From "Neue Zürcher Zeitung" [de]
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|
--- English abstracts are not yet available ---
|
| 1916-11-11-DE-001
From German Consulate Aleppo (Roessler) to German Reichskanzler (Bethmann Hollweg) [de]
|
|
Djemal Pasha wants to have Niepage and Graeter court-martialled.
|
| 1916-11-11-DE-002
From German Foreign Office (Zimmermann) to German Embassy Constantinople [de]
|
|
--- English abstracts are not yet available ---
|
| 1916-11-12-DE-001
From Liman von Sanders to German Embassy Constantinople (Radowitz) [en de]
|
|
Liman von Sanders informs Radowitz how he prevented further deportations of Armenians from Smyrna by threatening to prevent them by force. He was not sure, however, whether the Vali, who, according to his own statement had been instructed by Taalat Bey to act as he did, would circumvent von Sanders' orders. General Headquarters asked whether such deportations would endanger further construction of the Taurus and Amanus Railway. Von Lossow, the military plenipotentiary, replys that the Head of the 2nd Division of Turkish General Headquarters claimed not to know anything about the entire matter, which was probably just a local occurrence. Kuehlmann reports that the Armenian community in Smyrna reported 30 dangerous persons; those not named were to be allowed to return.
|
| 1916-11-13-DE-001
From German Embassy Constantinople (Radowitz) to German Reichskanzler (Bethmann Hollweg) [de en tr]
|
|
The Chargé d'Affaires in Constantinople reports that in Smyrna, the authorities had begun with the deportation of Armenians because they supposedly found old bombs and similar material in the Catholic cemetery, whereupon Marshal Liman von Sanders, who happened to be staying in Smyrna, pointed out to the Vali that the deportations were detrimental to military interests and, thus, he would not tolerate them. But he considered it to be out of the question that the Porte would revoke these measures upon demands to do so.
|
| 1916-11-13-DE-002
From German Embassy Constantinople (Radowitz) to German Foreign Office [en de]
|
|
Radowitz informs that mass deportations have begun in Smyrna and that Liman von Sanders objected to this. Jagow considers whether Armenians from Smyrna should be brought to Germany as workers.
|
| 1916-11-14-DE-001
From German Foreign Office (Zimmermann) to German Embassy Constantinople (Radowitz) [de]
|
|
--- English abstracts are not yet available ---
|
| 1916-11-14-DE-002
From German Consulate General Jerusalem (Brode) to German Reichskanzler (Bethmann Hollweg) [de]
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|
--- English abstracts are not yet available ---
|
| 1916-11-16-DE-001
From Orient- and Islam-Commission of the German Protestant Mission-Board (Karl Axenfeld) to German Reichskanzler (Bethmann Hollweg) [de]
|
|
--- English abstracts are not yet available ---
|
| 1916-11-16-DE-002
From German Central Office of Information for Foreign Countries (Rohrbach) to German Foreign Office (Rosenberg) [de]
|
|
--- English abstracts are not yet available ---
|
| 1916-11-17-DE-001
From German Embassy Constantinople (Kuehlmann) to German Reichskanzler (Bethmann Hollweg) [de en tr]
|
|
According to the German ambassador in Constantinople, it followed from the report and the enclosure that the measures directed against the Armenians in Smyrna had been taken in Constantinople. The pretexts used came from the Turkish authorities' well-known list. The marshal's intervention was also welcomed, because a rumour had spread in Smyrna, as it had done previously in other towns, that the German military authorities had demanded the deportation of the Armenians.
|
| 1916-11-17-DE-002
From German Embassy Constantinople (Kuehlmann) to German Foreign Office [en de]
|
|
According to Kuehlmann, the suggestion to send Armenians to Germany would probably be politically damaging. After Liman von Sanders' intervention the deportations from Smyrna were stopped.
|
| 1916-11-18-DE-003
From German Consulate General Smyrna (Spee) to German Embassy Constantinople (Radowitz) [en de]
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Spee reports on the reasons behind the deportations of the Armenians from Smyrna presented by the Vali there in a speech made to 12 Armenian notables. According to this, the Vali first requested in vain that the Armenian community give the names of supposedly dangerous people who were responsible for the bombs and weapons found in the Armenian cemetery and near the Armenian Church. The Armenians only gave him a list with about 30 names after 250 people had been deported. Although Liman von Sanders' intervention became public knowledge, the main impression now was that the Germans had intervened against the deportations, after it had previously been speculated that the Germans wanted to rid themselves in this way of the Armenian trade competition.
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| 1916-11-20-DE-020
From German Foreign Office (Zimmermann) to Press Department of the German Central Office of Information for Foreign Countries (Rohrbach) [de]
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--- English abstracts are not yet available ---
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| 1916-11-21-DE-001
From German Embassy Constantinople (Kuehlmann) to German Foreign Office [de]
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--- English abstracts are not yet available ---
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| 1916-11-21-DE-002
From German Reichstag (Matthias Erzberger) to German Foreign Office (Rosenberg) [de]
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--- English abstracts are not yet available ---
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| 1916-11-23-DK-001
From Legation Constantinople (Carl Ellis Wandel) to Foreign Ministry Copenhagen (Erik Scavenius) [da de en]
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Report on the creation and systematic dissemination of Turkish nationalist, chauvinist ideology (Turkism) through, e.g., literary circles, schools, newspapers, the scout movement, Muslim clergy, guilds, etc. Also, the murder of Krikor Zohrab is mentioned.
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| 1916-11-25-DE-001
From German Embassy Constantinople (Kuehlmann) to German Reichskanzler (Bethmann Hollweg) [de]
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The deportations in Smyrna were stopped.
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| 1916-11-25-DE-002
From German Embassy Constantinople (Kuehlmann) to German Reichskanzler (Bethmann Hollweg) [de]
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--- English abstracts are not yet available ---
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| 1916-11-25-DE-003
From German Consulate Aleppo (Roessler) to German Reichskanzler (Bethmann Hollweg) [de]
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--- English abstracts are not yet available ---
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| 1916-11-28-DE-001
From German General Headquarter (Lersner) to Forign Office [de]
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--- English abstracts are not yet available ---
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| 1916-11-30-DE-001
From German Legation The Hague (Rosen) to German Reichskanzler (Bethmann Hollweg) [de]
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--- English abstracts are not yet available ---
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| 1916-11-30-DE-002
From German Consulate Aleppo (Roessler) to German Embassy Constantinople [de]
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--- English abstracts are not yet available ---
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| 1916-12-02-DE-001
From German Central Office of Information for Foreign Countries (Jäckh) to German Foreign Office (Rosenberg) [de]
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--- English abstracts are not yet available ---
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| 1916-12-04-DE-001
From German Consulate Erzurum (Scheubner-Richter) to German Reichskanzler (Bethmann Hollweg) [de en tr]
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The administrator in Erzerum reports on an "atrocious sight of the slain Armenians in the devastated villages" after riding from Erzerum via Bitlis to Mossul. On the way, his unit had received orders to attack an Armenian village near Hesak in which rebellious Armenians were staying. In truth, these were people "who had barricaded themselves for fear of being massacred and who would have gladly been prepared to give up their weapons if only they were assured of being left alive". In summary, he was forced to realise that his original fear was true that the deportation was equivalent to annihilation. A reckoning with the other minorities was also taking place or to be feared. Badly equipped Arabs were sent to regions with unfavourable climates and, thus, annihilated. The restraint exercised by the Germans "caused visible damage to our reputation in Turkey and Persia".
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| 1916-12-06-DE-001
From German Red Cross Frankfurt to German Embassy Constantinople [de]
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--- English abstracts are not yet available ---
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| 1916-12-08-DK-001
From Legation Constantinople (Carl Ellis Wandel) to Foreign Ministry Copenhagen (Erik Scavenius) [da de en]
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Wandel tries to gain access to the minutes from the recent parliamentary session, but these are withheld by the authorities. As in several other reports, Wandel focuses on the weak and marginalized Ottoman parliamentary opposition, represented mainly by Senator Ahmed Riza Bey. Also, the official reasons for the Empire's entrance into the war are discussed.
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| 1916-12-11-DE-001
From German Central Office of Information for Foreign Countries (Jäckh) to German Foreign Office (Rosenberg) [de]
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--- English abstracts are not yet available ---
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| 1916-12-13-DE-001
From Orient- and Islam-Commission of the German Protestant Mission-Board (Karl Axenfeld) to German Foreign Office [de]
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--- English abstracts are not yet available ---
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| 1916-12-14-DK-001
From Legation Constantinople (Carl Ellis Wandel) to Foreign Ministry Copenhagen (Erik Scavenius) [da de en]
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In continuation of 1916-12-08-DK-001, Wandel reports that the parliamentary minutes he had requested were seized by the police, but he has managed to get a copy with the minutes of the 27 November Senate meeting. Here, Riza Bey and Chevket Bey attacked the government and the CUP for risking the Empire's territorial integrity by joining the war on the side of the Central Powers and for the general lack of justice and security.
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| 1916-12-15-DK-001
From The Royal Danish Legation London (Henrik Grevenkop-Castenskiold) to Foreign Ministry Copenhagen [da de en]
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The Danish embassy at London forwards two copies of the Bryce-Toynbee Report to the Danish Foreign Ministry.
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| 1916-12-18-DE-001
From German Foreign Office (Zimmermann) to German Embassy Constantinopel (Kuehlmann) [de]
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--- English abstracts are not yet available ---
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| 1916-12-18-DE-002
From German Consulate Aleppo (Roessler) to German Embassy Constantinople [de]
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--- English abstracts are not yet available ---
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| 1916-12-18-DK-001
From Legation Constantinopel (Carl Ellis Wandel) to Foreign Ministry Copenhagen (Erik Scavenius) [da de en]
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Wandel speaks with Djemal Pasha in Constantinople about his position vis-à-vis the Entente and the question of his loyalty to the pro-German party in the CUP and the government. Wandel also reflects on the information and rumors about peace negotiations and on CUP-Entente relations, CUP-German relations, and relations within the CUP.
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| 1916-12-25-DE-001
From German Foreign Office (Zimmermann) to German Embassy Constantinople (Goeppert) [de en tr]
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The Secretary of State of the German Foreign Office instructs the embassy to protest once again in a friendly, but suitably serious manner against the forced conversions to Islam. These measures had caused great indignation among the German Christians. It had taken a great effort to prevent a discussion on the deportations.
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