| 1917-01-03-DE-001
From German Consulate General Geneva (Geissler) to German Reichskanzler (Bethmann Hollweg) [de]
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--- English abstracts are not yet available ---
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| 1917-01-04-DE-001
From "Kölnische Zeitung" [de]
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--- English abstracts are not yet available ---
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| 1917-01-05-DE-001
From Firma A & O Evrenian to German Consulate Aleppo (Roessler) [de]
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--- English abstracts are not yet available ---
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| 1917-01-05-DE-011
From German Embassy Constantinople to German Foreign Office [de en tr]
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According to Goeppert, the Chargé d'Affaires in Constantinople, Halil Bey promised to end forced conversions immediately. The return to Christianity of those forced to convert was presently not opportune, but this could be solved satisfactorily after peace had been made.
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| 1917-01-05-DK-001
From Legation Konstantinopel (Carl Ellis Wandel) to Foreign Ministry (Eric Scavenius) [da de en]
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Wandel reports on how the Ottoman government export necessities while the population suffers. This has now become more difficult, however, after Austria-Hungary has banned the import of certain goods. Wandel has also spoken to the Armenian Catholic Patriarch, Boghos Bedros/Paul Peter Terzian XIII, who states that the CUP still initiates massacres of Armenians, that the survivors die in "faraway places," and that more than one million Armenians have been killed.
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| 1917-01-06-DK-001
From Legation Constantinople (Carl Ellis Wandel) to Foreign Ministry Copenhagen (Erik Scavenius) [da de en]
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Wandel has received information about a prolonged, high-level Ottoman intelligence operation/fact-finding mission to Europe, with the aim of getting information about the exiled Ottoman opposition and about the general European attitude toward the radical policies of the Ottoman Empire. The impression that the Ottoman agents get from this mission is that the popular views of the Ottoman policies are much more negative than expected. At a secret CUP meeting the reports based on this operation are being discussed, and after unusually strong debate it seems as if it is decided to pursue a less radical course, or at least to appear to do so. Such a change of course could make the Ottoman policies seem less extremist in the eyes of the European popular opinion, and could secure that the Entente would not be completely alienated, thus making later negotiations less difficult. Wandel believes that such a course might suit Talaat Bey, as he has allegedly secretly tried for some time to follow a more moderate course than the most radical CUP members. In fact, Wandel in this report seems to believe that Talaat Bey may be, at this point at least, relatively moderate, i.e., is not (main) responsible for the radical exterminatory policies of the CUP, a belief that is, however, contradicted by his earlier and later reports as well as reports by other observers. This report also contains information about the widespread starvation of the population in Anatolia and, not least, in Lebanon, and on American and Spanish relief efforts.
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| 1917-01-14-DK-001
From Danish Legation Constantinople (Carl Ellis Wandel) to Foreign Ministry Copenhagen (Erik Scavenius) [da de en]
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The United States ambassador, Abram I. Elkus, tries to convince the Ottoman government not to implement a decision to deport c. 100,000 Pontic Greeks from the Samsun region. Wandel's Greek colleague, Dimitrios Panas, has received a report that the mass deportation that includes women and children has in fact already begun from an area c. 30 km from the coast between Kerasun and Tirebolu to the interior under the pretext that they have joined the Russians and form bands that join the enemy. Wandel briefly mentions the possibility that the deportations may have economic motives.
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| 1917-01-17-DE-001
From "Deutsche Tageszeitung" [de]
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--- English abstracts are not yet available ---
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| 1917-01-18-DE-001
From German Consulate Baghdad (Hesse) to German Embassy Constantinople [de]
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--- English abstracts are not yet available ---
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| 1917-01-18-DE-002
From Helene Maria Anna Tschilinguirian-Apell to German Consulate General Constantinople (Mordtmann) [de]
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--- English abstracts are not yet available ---
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| 1917-01-19-DE-001
From German Foreign Office (Zimmermann) to German Embassy Constantinople (Kuehlmann) [de]
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--- English abstracts are not yet available ---
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| 1917-01-20-DE-001
From German Embassy Constantinople (Kuehlmann) to German Reichskanzler (Bethmann Hollweg) [en de]
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Kühlmann considers it to be certain that the Americans will demand a change in the "extermination policy against the Armenians" which, because "the objective of weakening the Armenian element of the population has largely been achieved", would not be completely impossible.
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| 1917-01-22-DE-001
From German Legation Stockholm (Lucius von Stoedten) to German Reichskanzler (Bethmann Hollweg) [de]
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--- English abstracts are not yet available ---
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| 1917-01-26-DE-001
From German Embassy Constantinople (Kuehlmann) to German Reichskanzler (Bethmann Hollweg) [de]
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It was stated in an article in the Greek newspaper Atlantis that a German officer had played an active role in the massacre of the Armenian population in Musch. Sister Alma Johansson made a detailed report on the events in Musch, but there was no mention of a German officer.
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| 1917-01-26-DE-002
From German Legation Stockholm (Lucuis von Stoedten) to German Reichskanzler (Bethmann Hollweg) [de]
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--- English abstracts are not yet available ---
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| 1917-01-29-DK-001
From Legation Constantinople (Carl Ellis Wandel) to Foreign Ministry Copenhagen (Erik Scavenius) [da de en]
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Using an unusually sarcastic tone, Wandel reports on what he deems to be the very nationalistic and decidedly unrealistic plans and expectations of the CUP, the Ottoman press, and the Ottoman Parliament regarding the modernization of all spheres of society. Wandel basically describes a radical, unfree society where the top layers of society want to create a Western-type country, head over heels and without wanting to spend the time, and without having the facilities or the funding, that such a development has demanded in the West.
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| 1917-01-30-DE-001
From German Consulate General Geneva (Geissler) to German Reichskanzler (Bethmann Hollweg) [de]
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--- English abstracts are not yet available ---
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| 1917-02-01-DE-001
From German Legation The Hague (Rosen) to German Reichskanzler (Bethmann Hollweg) [de]
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--- English abstracts are not yet available ---
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| 1917-02-05-DE-001
From German Consulate General Geneva (Geissler) to German Reichskanzler (Bethmann Hollweg) [de]
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--- English abstracts are not yet available ---
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| 1917-02-05-DK-001
From Legation Konstantinopel (Carl Ellis Wandel) to Foreign Ministry Copenhagen (Erik Scavenius) [da de en]
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Wandel reports on how Lebanon, which was largely self-governing prior to the war, is being increasingly Turkified and Islamized as part of the general Ottoman process of centralization. He also reports on how Talaat Pasha is seemingly trying to save his own political future by blaming the increasingly unpopular alliance with Germany on his predecessor as Grand Vizier, Prince Saïd Halim.
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| 1917-02-07-DE-001
From German Legation The Hague (Rosen) to German Reichskanzler (Bethmann Hollweg) [de]
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--- English abstracts are not yet available ---
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| 1917-02-08-DE-001
From German Legation Bern (Romberg) to German Reichskanzler (Bethmann Hollweg) [de]
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--- English abstracts are not yet available ---
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| 1917-02-14-DE-001
From German Consulate Aleppo (Roessler) to German Reichskanzler (Bethmann Hollweg) [de]
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Until now, Bernau, a German, had handled the supply of the Armenian deportees on behalf of the Americans. Now, however, he had resigned from this post after relations between Germany and the United States had been broken off. Those children who were taken away from Sister Rohner, among others, are to be raised as Muslims in state orphanages, and this reminds the German consul of the Janissaries. Many of them, though, would probably end up as street urchins and, thus, be left to die.
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| 1917-02-14-DE-002
From Ministry for Religious and School-Affaires [???] (Kronenburg) to German Foreign Office (Zimmermann) [de]
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--- English abstracts are not yet available ---
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| 1917-02-16-DE-001
From German Foreign Office (Zimmermann) to German Embassy Constantinople (Kuehlmann) [de]
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The Secretary of State in the German Foreign Office requests that the consulates fill out the questionnaire on the deported Armenians, sent by Karl Axenfeld, the Chairman of the Orient and Islam Commission of the German Protestant Mission Board.
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| 1917-02-16-DE-003
From German Embassy Constantinople (Kuehlmann) to German Reichskanzler (Bethmann Hollweg) [de en tr]
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According to the German Ambassador in Constantinople, Talaat Pasha's cabinet introduced itself, and in his programmatic speech Talaat declared "the matter of equal rights for the Ottoman nationalities [to be] an important item in the government's policy". The ambassador had heard in confidence that "we can most certainly reckon with a stop to the deportation of the Armenians and with a cessation of the persecution of the Greeks".
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| 1917-02-16-DK-001
From Legation Constantinople (Carl Ellis Wandel) to Foreign Ministry Copenhagen (Erik Scavenius) [da de en]
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Wandel comments on a debate in leading Danish conservative daily newspaper ”Berlingske Tidende” between Mazhar bey, Vali in Syria, and H. J. Mygind, a Danish missionary who had recently returned from Lebanon. Wandel confirms the information given by Mygind about inflation and famine in the Ottoman Empire which he believes is at least partly caused by the priorities of the Young Turk government. Also, he comments on the dispute between Mygind and Mazhar regarding the 'disappearance' of the Ottoman Armenians.
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| 1917-02-18-DK-001
From Legation Constantinople (Carl Ellis Wandel) to Foreign Ministry Copenhagen (Erik Scavenius) [da de en]
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At a dinner party at the American embassy in Constantinople, Wandel learns from the Ottoman Minister of Justice, Halil Bey, that the Ottoman government plans to take advantage of the war conditions to reform the Sharia Law in accordance with German code of law. Halil denies that this planned reform is the result of German pressure.
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| 1917-02-20-DE-001
From German Consulate DamascusAleppo (Loytved Hardegg) to German Embassy Constantinople [de]
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--- English abstracts are not yet available ---
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| 1917-02-24-DE-001
From German Embassy Constantinople (Kuehlmann) to German Reichskanzler (Bethmann Hollweg) [de en tr]
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The German ambassador reports that Talaat personally confirmed to him "that the Armenian population could be sure 'that their constitutional rights would not be touched. What the previous government had been forced to put into action on the grounds of military necessity should, if possible, be rectified.'" Corresponding orders had been dispatched.
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| 1917-02-26-DE-001
From German Foreign Office (Summ ) to German Legation The Hague (Rosen) [de]
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--- English abstracts are not yet available ---
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| 1917-02-28-DE-001
From German Christian Charity-Organisation for the Orient (Friedrich Schuchardt) to German Foreign Office (Rosenberg) [de]
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Friedrich Schuchardt, the director of the German Christian Charity Organisation for the Orient, reports that those orphans under the care of Sister Beatrice Rohner would be shared out and he requests information on their fate.
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| 1917-03-01-DE-001
From German Foreign Office (Stumm) to German Embassy Constantinople [de]
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Von Stumm, the Undersecretary of State in the German Foreign Office, requests that it be ascertained what will happen to the orphans in Aleppo.
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| 1917-03-03-DE-001
From German Foreign Office [de]
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Those 50 to 60 Armenians living in Germany who are threatened with conscription have been put in alternative service and, thus, saved from deportation.
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| 1917-03-06-DE-001
From German Consulate Smyrna (Weber) to German Embassy Constantinopel [de]
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--- English abstracts are not yet available ---
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| 1917-03-07-DE-001
From German Embassy Constantinople (Kuehlmann) to German Foreign Office [de]
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The government already informed Sister Rohner in December 1915 that the orphans had only been placed in her care temporarily. 70 have now been sent to the Lebanon, 400 will be sent shortly to the interior of Asia Minor. About 350 found accommodation with distant relatives.
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| 1917-03-08-DE-002
From German Foreign Office to German Embassy Constantinople (Kuehlmann) [de]
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accompanying letter
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| 1917-03-09-DE-001
From German Foreign Office (Stumm) to German Embassy Constantinople (Kuehlmann) [de]
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--- English abstracts are not yet available ---
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| 1917-03-09-DE-002
From German Legation Bern (Romberg) to German Reichskanzler (Bethmann Hollweg) [de]
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--- English abstracts are not yet available ---
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| 1917-03-12-DE-011
From German Embassy Constantinople (Kuehlmann) to German Consulate Aleppo [de]
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The German-Armenian Association was requested by Armenians living abroad to take over the distribution of funds and would like to send Vicar Stier to Aleppo so that he can visit the northern deportation zones from there. The German ambassador said that he found this questionable, because he "wished to avoid any appearance whatsoever of interference in Armenian matters". He requested an advisory statement.
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| 1917-03-15-DE-011
From German Embassy Constantinople (Mordtmann) [de]
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Mordtmann notes that that sensational heading, "Confession of Armenian Treason against Turkish State", added by the information service for the Orient, was completely unjustified, and for this reason the use of Retsch's article was inappropriate.
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| 1917-03-15-DE-012
From German Consulate Aleppo (Roessler) to German Embassy Constantinople [de]
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After her orphanages were closed, Sister Rohner was attempting to rebuild them. Under no circumstances should the German-Armenian Association appear in public; their funds should be passed on to the consulate in a concealed manner through the Orient Bank.
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| 1917-03-16-DE-001
From German Consulate Aleppo (Roessler) to German Reichskanzler (Bethmann Hollweg) [de]
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Roessler reports on the Armenian orphans in Aleppo and on the work of Sister Beatrice Rohner.
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| 1917-03-16-DE-002
From German Embassy Constantinople to German Foreign Office [de]
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--- English abstracts are not yet available ---
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| 1917-03-24-DE-001
From German Christian Charity-Organisation for the Orient (Friedrich Schuchardt) to German Foreign Office (Rosenberg) [de]
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--- English abstracts are not yet available ---
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| 1917-03-25-DE-001
From German Embassy Constantinople (Kuehlmann) to German Foreign Office [de]
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The Baghdad Railway Building Company reports that deportations of Armenians have begun once again.
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| 1917-03-28-DE-001
From German Embassy Constantinople (Kuehlmann) to German Reichskanzler (Bethmann Hollweg) [en de]
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According to Kuehlmann, the persecution of the Armenians in Turkey was a fact that could not be denied, because too many non-Turks "were eyewitnesses of the policy of extinction carried out against the Armenians". However, "the policy of extinction carried out against the Armenians [was] hounded to death more and more as material for agitation, as well as the supposed German atrocities in Belgium gradually losing their appeal to foreign countries". He advised against carrying out a propaganda campaign against the Russians because of the atrocities they had committed, because to do so would disturb the "dying process of the appeal of Armenian suffering in Turkey".
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| 1917-03-28-DE-002
From German Legation Stockholm (Lucius von Stoedten) to German Reichskanzler (Bethmann Hollweg) [de]
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--- English abstracts are not yet available ---
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| 1917-03-29-DE-001
From German Legation Stockholm (Lucius von Stoedten) to German Reichskanzler (Bethmann Hollweg) [de]
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--- English abstracts are not yet available ---
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| 1917-04-02-DE-001
From German Legation Stockholm (Lucius von Stoedten) to German Reichskanzler (Bethmann Hollweg) [de]
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--- English abstracts are not yet available ---
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| 1917-04-04-DE-001
From German Legation The Hague (Rosen) to German Reichskanzler (Bethmann Hollweg) [de]
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--- English abstracts are not yet available ---
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| 1917-04-05-DE-001
From German Embassy Constantinople (Waldburg) to German Reichskanzler (Bethmann Hollweg) [de]
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Waldburg, the Embassy Councillor, transmits the answers from the Consulate of Aleppo to the Swiss Relief Organisation's questionnaire.
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| 1917-04-07-DE-001
From German Embassy Constantinople (Waldburg) to German Reichskanzler (Bethmann Hollweg) [de]
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Accompanying letter to the answers from Beirut and Damascus to the questionnaire.
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| 1917-04-07-DE-002
From German Consulate General ConstantinopleAleppo (Mwertens) to German Embassy Constantinople [de]
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--- English abstracts are not yet available ---
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| 1917-04-08-DE-001
From German Missions in Urfa (Jakob Kuenzler) to German Consulate Aleppo (Roessler) [de]
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According to the Swiss deacon, Kuenzler, the government requested that those Armenians stranded in Urfa convert to Islam.
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| 1917-04-10-DE-003
From German Embassy Constantinople to German Consulate Aleppo [de]
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--- English abstracts are not yet available ---
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| 1917-04-10-DK-001
From Legation Constantinople (Carl Ells Wandel) to Foreign Ministry Copenhagen (Erik Scavenius) [da de en]
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Through a German army doctor, Wandel has received news and letters about the desperate conditions in Harput and Mezreh in the Mamouret-ul-Aziz province. The letters have been written by the Danish missionaries in the Harput (Kharpert) region, i.e., Maria Jacobsen, Karen Marie Petersen, and/or Jenny Jensen (the fourth Danish missionary in Harput, Hansine Marcher, had left the Empire in 1916). The letters inform Wandel about the horrible conditions for the surviving Christians in the region, and about how thousands of Armenians, who had been forcibly abducted by Kurds and Turks during the genocide, are now being put out on the streets where they would most likely all have died of diseases and starvation, had it not been for the Western missionaries. Wandel fears that if the Russians advances further, and/or if the Americans pull out of the Empire, the remaining Armenians will either die from starvation, disease, or be massacred.
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| 1917-04-12-DE-001
From German Consulate Aleppo (Roessler) to German Embassy Constantinople [de]
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--- English abstracts are not yet available ---
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| 1917-04-12-DE-002
From German Consulate Smyrna (Weber) to German Embassy Constantinople (Kuehlmann) [de]
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--- English abstracts are not yet available ---
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| 1917-04-13-DE-001
From German Legation The Hague (Rosen) to German Reichskanzler (Bethmann Hollweg) [de]
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--- English abstracts are not yet available ---
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| 1917-04-16-DE-001
From German Legation Stockholm (Lucius von Stoedten) to German Reichskanzler (Bethmann Hollweg) [de]
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--- English abstracts are not yet available ---
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| 1917-04-18-DE-001
From German Legation Bern (Romberg) to German Reichskanzler (Bethmann Hollweg) [de]
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--- English abstracts are not yet available ---
|
| 1917-04-19-DE-001
From German Central Office of Information for Foreign Countries (Jäckh) to German Embassy Constantinople (Kuehlmann) [en de]
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Among other things, Jäckh passes a letter from Vicar Stier on to the Ambassador, in which Jäckh is asked to arrange for entry permits for Stier and Dr. Vischer from the Turkish authorities, enabling them to distribute funds to the deported Armenians in the camps along the Baghdad Railway. Mordtmann expressly disapproves of Stier's journey, because no "political gain" could be expected from this, as previous work also "did not cause the Armenians to like us any more noticeably". Even "from a purely human point of view" he did not see why German money had to be sent abroad. Ambassador Kühlmann commented that this explanation was completely in line with his own opinion.
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| 1917-04-20-DE-002
From German Consulate Aleppo (Roessler) to German Embassy Constantinople [de]
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--- English abstracts are not yet available ---
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| 1917-04-21-DE-001
From German Foreign Office to German Embassy Constantinople [de]
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--- English abstracts are not yet available ---
|
| 1917-04-21-DE-002
From German Christian Charity-Organisation for the Orient (Friedrich Schuchardt) to German Foreign Office (Rosenberg) [de]
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--- English abstracts are not yet available ---
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| 1917-04-21-DE-003
From Press Department of the German Central Office of Information for Foreign Countries (Paul Rohrbach) to German Foreign Office (Tiedemann) [de]
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--- English abstracts are not yet available ---
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| 1917-04-25-DE-001
From German Missions in Urfa (Jakob Kuenzler) to German Consulate Aleppo (Roessler) [de]
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Kuenzler, the Swiss deacon, rendered an account of the financial aid given by the American and German consulates.
|
| 1917-04-27-DE-001
From Orient- and Islam-Commission of the German Protestant Mission-Board (Karl Axenfeld) to German Reichskanzler (Bethmann Hollweg) [de]
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The Chairman of the Orient and Islam Commission of the German Protestant Mission Board stated that he had expected hope that the fate of the Armenians be softened after the change in the Grand Vizier's office. In truth, however, their misery was only increasing. He wished to know if it would be possible to show how unbearable it was for German Christians to watch passively while an old Christian people died away.
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| 1917-04-28-DE-001
From German Foreign Office (Stumm) to German Legation The Hague (Rosen) [de]
|
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--- English abstracts are not yet available ---
|
| 1917-04-30-DE-001
From "Sun" [de]
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--- English abstracts are not yet available ---
|
| 1917-05-01-DE-002
From German Consulate Aleppo (Roessler) to German Reichskanzler (Bethmann Hollweg) [de]
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Accompanying letter
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| 1917-05-02-DE-001
From German Consulate Aleppo (Roessler) to German Reichskanzler (Bethmann Hollweg) [de]
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The Swiss Deacon Kuenzler who returned from Rakka reported that most of the Armenians sent there were starving to death. The relief organisations were mainly taking care of those Armenians who had a chance of surviving.
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| 1917-05-02-DE-011
From German Consulate Aleppo (Roessler) to German Embassy Constantinople [de]
|
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The German consul asks if there is a possibility of financial assistance and requests information as to whether Sister Rohner could still count on American funds.
|
| 1917-05-03-DE-011
From American Bible House in Constantinople (William W. Peet ) to German Embassy Constantinople (Mordtmann) [en de]
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William W. Peet, the head of the American Bible House in Constantinople, thanks Mordtmann and the German consulates for their cooperation in the past. He was prepared to certify this as well.
|
| 1917-05-06-DE-001
From German Foreign Office (Zimmermann) to Orient- and Islam-Commission of the German Protestant Mission-Board (Karl Axenfeld) [de]
|
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According to the Secretary of State in the German Foreign Office, the Armenian question was discussed with Talaat, and the embassy in Constantinople was informed of further room for manoeuvre of German financial assistance.
|
| 1917-05-07-DE-011
From German Embassy Constantinople (Waldburg) to German Consulate Aleppo [de]
|
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The American Board of Commmissioners for Foreign Missions in Constantinople would use their own representatives to continue emergency measures.
|
| 1917-05-09-DE-001
From German Foreign Office (Zimmermann) to German Reichstag [de en tr]
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The Secretary of State in the German Foreign Office points out that Germany's enemies had "exploited" the Armenian question "into a slandering campaign against us and our Turkish ally". Germany's enemies were primarily responsible for the tragedy of the Armenians, because "long before the war broke out [they] acted without conscience, stirring things up and inciting the Armenians against the Turkish government".
|
| 1917-05-12-DE-011
From American Bible House in Constantinople (Luther R. Fowle) to German Embassy Constantinople (Mordtmann) [en de]
|
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Mr. Fowle from the American Bible House offered to continue the work with Beatrice Rohner und Paula Schäfer.
|
| 1917-05-14-DE-001
From German Consulate Aleppo (Roessler) to German Reichskanzler (Bethmann Hollweg) [de en tr]
|
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The report by the engineer Buente confirms earlier reports on Armenian massacres on the river Khabur.
|
| 1917-05-14-DE-011
From German Consulate Aleppo (Roessler) to German Embassy Constantinople [de]
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The German consul suggests that the financial assistance should be transferred through the Orient Bank to the Swiss Zollinger.
|
| 1917-05-17-DE-011
From German Consulate Aleppo (Roessler) to German Embassy Constantinople [de]
|
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The American Board of Commmissioners for Foreign Missions in Constantinople should transfer the money to Mr. Zollinger immediately, because Sister Rohner has retired from her work.
|
| 1917-05-18-DE-001
From Johannes Lepsius to German Reichskanzler (Bethmann Hollweg) [de]
|
|
--- English abstracts are not yet available ---
|
| 1917-05-19-DE-001
From German Embassy Constantinople (Waldburg) to German Reichskanzler (Bethmann Hollweg) [de]
|
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Since Beatrice Rohner has retired to Marash due to illness, the Orient and Islam Commission of the German Protestant Mission Board should transfer the money to Zollinger.
|
| 1917-05-19-DE-002
From German Embassy Constantinople (Kuehlmann) to German Reichskanzler (Bethmann Hollweg) [de]
|
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According to the Americans' wishes, the American financial assistance, administered until now by the American Board of Commmissioners for Foreign Missions in Constantinople should, in future, be handled through German offices. He had no reservations whatsoever, especially since it was mainly Swiss nationals who were distributing the funds among the Armenians.
|
| 1917-05-21-DE-001
From German Foreign Office to German Embassy Constantinopel [de]
|
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--- English abstracts are not yet available ---
|
| 1917-05-23-DE-001
From German Christian Charity-Organisation for the Orient (Friedrich Schuchardt ) to German Foreign Office [de]
|
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The Director of the German Christian Charity Organisation for the Orient points out to the Foreign Office that the Turkish authorities in Kharput had seized houses belonging to the German mission station, and requests that at least one of the houses be returned.
|
| 1917-05-23-DE-011
From German Embassy Constantinople (Kuehlmann) to German Consulate Aleppo [de]
|
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Kuehlmann asks if Roessler considers Zollinger to be reliable.
|
| 1917-05-31-DE-011
From German Consulate Aleppo (Roessler) to German Embassy Constantinople [de]
|
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The German consul stated that he believed Zollinger to be absolutely reliable and capable of continuing to operate the organisation set up by Beatrice Rohner.
|
| 1917-05-31-DK-001
From Legation Konstantinopel (Carl Ellis Wandel) to Foreign Ministry Copenhagen (Erik Scavenius) [da de en]
|
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Wandel receives the US consul-general at Beirut, Stanley Hollis, in Constantinople. Hollis describes the desperate situation in Lebanon where he believes the Turkish authorities are "solving" the "Lebanese problem" like they had been "solving" the "Armenian question": through extermination. In Lebanon the population are mainly being destroyed through imposed starvation rather than, e.g., massacre or death marches. Hollis also gives an account of the French consul-general at Beirut, Francois Georges Picot, one of the men behind the British-French Sykes-Picot Treaty of 1916.
|
| 1917-06-04-DE-001
From German Legation The Hague (Rosen) to German Reichskanzler (Bethmann Hollweg) [de]
|
|
--- English abstracts are not yet available ---
|
| 1917-06-04-DE-002
From German Foreign Office to German Embassy Constantinople [de]
|
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--- English abstracts are not yet available ---
|
| 1917-06-05-DE-001
From German Embassy Constantinople to American Bible House in Constantinople (Luther R. Fowle) [en de]
|
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The Embassy requests that funds be transferred to Mr. Zollinger. It also requests information on the American orphanage in Sivas. In his note, Mordtmann suggests that the American operation be supported in order to prevent larger amounts of German funds from being sent abroad that could be "applied more usefully at home" and to "leave the odium against the Turks to the Americans".
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| 1917-06-05-DE-002
From German Foreign Office (Tiedemann) [de]
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--- English abstracts are not yet available ---
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| 1917-06-08-DE-001
From German Legation Bern (Dietrich von Bethmann Hollweg) to German Reichskanzler (Theobald von Bethmann Hollweg) [de]
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--- English abstracts are not yet available ---
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| 1917-06-13-DE-001
From German Christian Charity-Organisation for the Orient (Friedrich Schuchardt) to German Foreign Office (Rosenberg) [de]
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--- English abstracts are not yet available ---
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| 1917-06-15-DE-001
From German Embassy Constantinople (Kuehlmann) to German Reichskanzler (Bethmann Hollweg) [de]
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The ambassador expresses the Germans' interest in the continuation of American financial assistance, because a number of German charitable organisations were dependent on this, and because this ensured that German funds would not be transferred abroad.
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| 1917-06-15-DE-002
From German Christian Charity-Organisation for the Orient (Friedrich Schuchardt) to German Foreign Office (Rosenberg) [de]
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--- English abstracts are not yet available ---
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| 1917-06-19-DE-002
From German Embassy Constantinople (Mordtmann) [de]
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--- English abstracts are not yet available ---
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| 1917-06-20-DE-001
From German Reichstag (Matthias Erzberger ) to German Foreign Office (Rosenberg) [de]
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Erzberger passes on the letter of an army chaplain in Angora and requests that Turkey be informed that its manner of behaviour is "detrimental to Turkish interests in Germany".
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| 1917-06-24-DE-001
From German Legation Lima to German Foreign Office [de]
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--- English abstracts are not yet available ---
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| 1917-06-25-DE-001
From German Foreign Office (Zimmermann) to German Embassy Constantinople (Kuehlmann) [de]
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The Secretary of State in the German Foreign Office asks his ambassador, Kuehlmann, to politely make the Turkish government aware of the events in Angora and to express the expectation that the Catholic Armenians there would be protected from forced conversions to Islam and other persecutions.
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| 1917-06-28-DE-001
From "Weser-Zeitung" [de]
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--- English abstracts are not yet available ---
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| 1917-06-28-DE-002
From American Bible House in Constantinople (Luther R. Fowle) to German Embassy Constantinople [de]
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--- English abstracts are not yet available ---
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| 1917-06-30-DE-001
From Johannes Lepsius to Legation The Hague (Rosen) [de]
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--- English abstracts are not yet available ---
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| 1917-07-01-DE-001
From German Foreign Office (Zimmermann) to German Legation Bern [de]
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The Secretary of State in the German Foreign Office requests that Mr. Peet be informed that urgent requests for assistance had been received from Aleppo.
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| 1917-07-09-DE-001
From German Embassy Constantinople (Kuehlmann) to German Reichskanzler (Bethmann Hollweg) [de]
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According to the German ambassador, David, the army chaplain in Angora, was going a bit too far. On the one hand, there was a government order to spare the Catholic Armenians; on the other hand, it was more a matter for the Papal See to care for the Roman-Catholic Armenians.
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| 1917-07-09-DE-002
From German Foreign Office (Stumm) to German Legation The Gague (Rosen) [de]
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--- English abstracts are not yet available ---
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| 1917-07-11-DE-001
From German Legation Kristiania (Oslo) (Hintze) to German Reichskanzler (Bethmann Hollweg) [de]
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--- English abstracts are not yet available ---
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| 1917-07-14-DE-001
From German Evangelical Missionary-Relief (August Wilhelm Schreiber) to German Foreign Office [de en tr]
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Accompanying letter by Schreiber to the letter of the head of the German Home for the Blind in Malatia.
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| 1917-07-17-DE-001
From German General Staff of the Army to German Foreign Office [de]
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--- English abstracts are not yet available ---
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| 1917-07-20-DE-001
From German Consulate General Constantinople to German Embassy Constantinople [de]
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--- English abstracts are not yet available ---
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| 1917-07-24-DE-001
From German Legation Bern (Romberg) to German Foreign Office [de]
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Leopold Favre gave him 100000 Swiss francs which were to be placed at the disposal of Fowle in Constantinople.
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| 1917-07-28-DK-001
From Legation Konstantinopel (Carl Ellis Wandel) to Foreign Ministry Copenhagen (Erik Scavenius) [da de en]
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Wandel reports on the political and financial influence of Germany over the Ottoman government and on the attempts by Talaat Pasha to remain, through ”duplicity,” opportunism, and political manoeuvring, as independent as possible under the circumstances.
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| 1917-07-30-DE-001
From German Legation The Hague (Rosen) to German Reichskanzler (Michaelis) [de]
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--- English abstracts are not yet available ---
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| 1917-07-31-DE-001
From German Consulate Aleppo (Roessler) to German Foreign Office [de]
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Consul Roessler stated that much larger sums were required to give effective aid. 800 children would be put out on the street the next day because there was not enough bread.
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| 1917-08-05-DK-001
From Legation Constantinople (Carl Ellis Wandel) to Foreign Ministry Copenhagen (Erik Scavenius) [da de en]
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Wandel reports on how the CUP spies on the foreign embassies, on the corruption among the CUP, and on the starvation of the civilian population. Also, he reports on how resentment toward Germans is increasing among Turks, especially among Turkish officers. These Turkish officers are no longer being trusted by the CUP who fears a rebellion, thus they are relying more on the German army in Turkey to secure their position.
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| 1917-08-05-DK-002
From Legation Constantinople (Carl Ellis Wandel) to Foreign Ministry Copenhagen (Erik Scavenius) [da de en]
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Wandel reports on the size and state of the Ottoman army depot regiments at Constantinople and elsewhere. He has furthermore received information on deserters at Constantinople and, in particular, from the region between Konya and Smyrna where 40-45,000 soldiers have fled to the mountains wherefrom villages are raided.
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| 1917-08-07-DE-001
From German Foreign Office (Bussche-Haddenhausen) to German Legation Bern [de]
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The Chargé d'Affaires in Constantinople was instructed to pay the equivalent of 100000 Swiss francs to Mr. Fowle.
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| 1917-08-10-DE-001
From German Foreign Office (Goeppert) to German Christian Charity-Organisation for the Orient (Schuchardt, Friedrich) [en de]
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Goeppert asks Schuchardt for material in the form of letters and articles written by Swiss and other foreigners which express the helpfulness and "warm sympathy of German public officials" towards the Armenians in order to counter the "propaganda concerning Armenian atrocities".
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| 1917-08-15-DE-001
From German Embassy Constantinople (Waldburg) to German Foreign Office [de]
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Accompanying letter to the answers from the consulate in Mossul to Axenfeld's questionnaire.
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| 1917-09-06-DE-001
From Orient- and Islam-Commission of the German Protestant Mission-Board (Karl Axenfeld) to German Foreign Office (Goeppert) [de]
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Axenfeld sends Goeppert copies of a letter to Djemal as well as the minutes of a discussion with Djemal Pasha, and expresses his thanks for arranging the discussion.
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| 1917-09-29-DE-001
From "Norddeutsche Allgemeine Zeitung" [de]
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--- English abstracts are not yet available ---
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| 1917-10-01-DE-001
From Alma Johansson to Arsenius Djendojan [en de]
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The nurse reports to the Armenian priest on her experiences in Musch. All of the Armenians were killed there, most of them in their houses. She was only able to save a few of the 70 girls at her school from being deported. German censorship did not permit this letter to be sent.
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| 1917-10-24-DE-001
From German Evangelical Missionary-Relief (August Wilhelm Schreiber ) to German Foreign Office [de]
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The Director of the German Evangelical Missionary-Relief Organisation, August Wilhelm Schreiber, informs the German Foreign Office that the Deputy Chairman of the German-Armenian Association, James Greenfield, asked Boghos Nubar Pasha for clothes for the suffering Armenians. Leopold Favre from Geneva had already taken over delivery, according to Foreign Office Legation Secretary Tiedemann in a memo.
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| 1917-11-02-DE-001
From Johannes Lepsius to German Embassy Constantinople [de]
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--- English abstracts are not yet available ---
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| 1917-11-06-DE-001
From Radio Station Lyon [de]
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A radio message from Lyon reports that the Provisional Government of Russia is putting together an army of 150000 men, made up of Russian Armenians who previously fought on different fronts and are now being pulled together into one corps.
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| 1917-11-16-DE-001
From German Embassy Constantinople (Bernstorff) to German Reichskanzler (Hertling) [en de]
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Bernstorff refers to an extensive collection of Turkish documents, “The Revolutionary Objectives and Machinations of the Armenian Committees Before and After the Constitution”. Despite the one-sided character of this document, it follows from this that the Armenian machinations greatly irritated the Turkish government, thus justifying the repressive measures.
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| 1917-11-20-DE-001
From German Evangelical Missionary-Relief (August Wilhelm Schreiber) to German Foreign Office (Rosenberg) [de]
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--- English abstracts are not yet available ---
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| 1917-11-22-DE-001
From Apostolic Delegate (Dolci) to German Embassy Constantinople [de]
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--- English abstracts are not yet available ---
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| 1917-12-04-DE-001
From German Foreign Office to German Embassy Constantinople [de]
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--- English abstracts are not yet available ---
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| 1917-12-07-DE-001
From Social Democratic Party of Germany (Hermann Mueller) to German Foreign Office [de]
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According to the executive of the Social Democratic Party of Germany, the representative of the Socialists of the neutral countries requests that the German government make inquiries as to whether the alleged deportations were actually taking place and, if so, that it intervene.
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| 1917-12-10-DE-001
From German Foreign Office (Kuehlmann) to German Embassy Constantinople (Bernstorff) [de]
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According to Kuehlmann, the Secretary of State in the German Foreign Office, the Socialists of the neutral countries requested that Germany intervene with the Turkish government, because new deportations were about to begin. They requested that it be checked if such plans actually existed and, if so, it should be urgently advised against their execution. A sharp and strong denial was desired, because otherwise they were afraid of a negative influence on the negotiations with the Russians.
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| 1917-12-11-DE-001
From German Embassy Constantinople (Bernstorff) to German Foreign Office [de]
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Talaat requested to "categorically deny stories of new deportations of Armenians". Talaat stated in confidence that, if a separate peace were reached with Russia, he would approve a general amnesty for the Armenians as well as payments to them. This had already been discussed with Djavid Bey, the Minister of Finance.
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| 1917-12-16-DE-001
From German Embassy Constantinople (Bernstorff) to German Reichskanzler (Hertling) [de]
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Bernstorff gives an account of a list from the Armenian Catholic Patriarchate.
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| 1917-12-20-DE-001
From German Foreign Office to German Embassy Constantinople [de]
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--- English abstracts are not yet available ---
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| 1917-12-20-DE-002
From German Embassy Constantinople (Haig Effendi) [de]
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--- English abstracts are not yet available ---
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| 1917-12-20-DK-001
From Legation Constantinople (Carl Ellis Wandel) to Foreign Ministry Copenhagen (Erik Scavenius) [da de en]
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Led by Ahmed Riza Bey, a small group of Ottoman senators in opposition to the CUP-led majority in the Senate question the organized persecution of non-Turkish groups and the equally organized and unconstitutional theft of their property - a 'reign of terror,' as Riza puts it. The occasion is the successful attempt by the CUP and their supporters to put an indirect legislative stamp of approval on the earlier temporary or provisional law on 'abandoned properties' - the main economic component of the genocide - without having an actual debate in the Chambers of said law.
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| 1917-12-24-DE-001
From Apostolic Delegation (Dolci) to German Embassy Constantinople (Bernstorff) [de]
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--- English abstracts are not yet available ---
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